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Karl Pearson

English mathematician, biometrician, and eugenicist (1857–1936)

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Karl Pearson was an English mathematician and scientist (1857-1936) who developed important statistical methods, including correlation analysis, that became foundational tools for analyzing data across many fields. He also promoted eugenics, a now-discredited ideology about human heredity, which represents a troubling aspect of his legacy alongside his scientific contributions.

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Karl Pearson (/ˈpɪərsən/; born Carl Pearson; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English biostatistician and mathematician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics and meteorology. Pearson was also a proponent of Social Darwinism and eugenics, and his thought is an example of what is today described as scientific racism. Pearson was a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton. He edited and completed both William Kingdon Clifford's Common Sense of the Exact Sciences (1885) and Isaac Todhunter's History of the Theory of Elasticity, Vol. 1 (1886–1893) and Vol. 2 (1893), following their deaths.

Early life and education