Lateran Treaty
Also known as Tratados de Letrán
Treaty between the Holy See and Kingdom of Italy
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The Lateran Treaty is an agreement between the Holy See (the Catholic Church's government) and Italy that was signed in 1929 to settle disputes between them. It established Vatican City as an independent state within Rome, giving the Pope sovereignty over a small territory and ending decades of conflict between the Church and the Italian government.
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The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III and Duce Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman question.
The treaty recognised Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See. Italy also agreed to give the Catholic Church financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States. In 1948, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the Italian Republic and the Catholic Church. While the treaty was significantly revised in 1984, ending the status of Catholicism as the sole state religion of Italy, the Vatican remains a distinct sovereign entity to the present day.