File:Mars_surface_map.png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Also known as Planet Mars, Red Planet
距离太阳第四近的行星
OverviewAI-generated
Mars is a planet orbiting the Sun. It has an orbital eccentricity of 0.0935 and an orbital inclination of 5.65. The semi-major axis of its orbit is 227936637. Its orbital period is 686.980, while its rotation period is 24.6229. The synodic period is 779.94. The longitude of the ascending node is 49.55953892, and the argument of periapsis is 336.05637041.
The planet has a radius of 3396.19 and a mass of 641.71. Its volume is 163180000000. Mars formed about 4540 million years ago. It is named after Mars, Ares, and fire. Its child astronomical bodies include Phobos, Deimos, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Mariner 9. Parts of the planet include its atmosphere, Martian polar ice caps, and water.
Synthesized by Vinony from 25 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.
Key facts
- Planet.name
- Mars
- Planet.symbol
- 24px|♂|class=skin-invert
- Planet.image
- Mars - August 30 2021 - Flickr - Kevin M. Gill.png
- Planet.image_alt
- Orange-brown globe with white snow caps
- Planet.caption
- Mars in true color, as captured by the Hope orbiter. The Tharsis Montes can be seen at the center, with Olympus Mons just to the left and Valles Marineris at the right.
- Planet.background
- LightSalmon
- Planet.epoch
- J2000
- Planet.time_periastron
- 21 June 2022
- Planet.avg_speed
- 24.07 km/s
- Planet.mean_anomaly
- 19.412°
- Planet.satellites
- 2 (Phobos and Deimos)
- Planet.allsatellites
- yes
- Planet.equatorial_radius
- (0.533 Earths)
- Planet.polar_radius
- (0.531 Earths)
- Planet.surface_area
- (0.284 Earths)
- Planet.volume
- (0.151 Earths)
- Planet.mass
- (0.107 Earths)
- Planet.density
- 3.9335 g/cm3
via Wikipedia infobox
Research
23,421 papers- Methane on Mars and Habitability: Challenges and Responses.ReviewAstrobiology · 2018Yung YL, Chen P, Nealson K et al.DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1917
- Mars: do we still need astronauts?Nature · 2022Goldsmith D, Rees MDOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-01623-0
- Mars' surface is not universally biocidal.Environmental microbiology · 2021Hallsworth JEDOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15494
- Why go to Mars?ReviewScientific American · 2000Zorpette GDOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0300-40
- Breathing life into Mars: Terraforming and the pivotal role of algae in atmospheric genesis.ReviewLife sciences in space research · 2024Çelekli A, Zariç ÖEDOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.001
- Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars.ReviewBiotechnology advances · 2022Mapstone LJ, Leite MN, Purton S et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107946
- Why exobiology on Mars?ReviewPlanetary and space science · 1996Brack ADOI: 10.1016/s0032-0633(96)00027-x
- The role of extremophile microbiomes in terraforming Mars.ReviewCommunications biology · 2025Coleine C, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Rosado AS et al.DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-08973-1
via PubMed
Article · 中文
火星(拉丁語:Mars;天文符號:♂),古称荧惑,是離太陽第四近的行星,也是太阳系中仅次于水星的第二小的行星,为太陽系里四顆類地行星之一。西方稱火星為瑪爾斯,是羅馬神話中的戰神,所以在英语中,火星是罗马战神的意思,通常被称为“红色星球”;古漢語中則因为它荧荧如火,位置、亮度時常變動讓人無法捉摸而稱之為熒惑。火星是太陽系的八大行星中第二小的行星,其質量、體積仅比水星略大。火星的直徑約為地球的一半,自轉軸傾角、自轉週期則與地球相當,但繞太陽公轉周期是接近地球的兩倍。在地球上,火星肉眼可見,亮度可達-2.91,只比金星、月球和太陽暗,但在大部分時間裡比木星暗。火星距離地球最近在5400万公里(最遠達4億公里,探測器需飛行約7個月抵達火星)。 火星大氣以二氧化碳為主,既稀薄又寒冷,其表面特徵讓人聯想起月球上的撞擊坑,以及地球上的山谷、沙漠和極地冰蓋。英語中,通常被稱為紅色星球(英語:Red Planet)。火星在視覺上呈現為橘紅色是因為地表廣泛普遍的分佈著氧化鐵,它使火星呈現出一种红色的外觀,在肉眼可見的天體中獨具一格。火星地表沙丘、礫石遍布且沒有穩定的液態水,火星南半球是古老、充滿隕石坑的高地,北半球則是較年輕的平原。 火星已被數10艘無人太空船探索。1964年11月28日,由NASA發射的水手4號是第一個訪問火星的航天器,於1965年7月15日最接近該行星。蘇聯火星3號飛船於1971年12月實現了軟着陸,但著陸後數秒內失去了聯繫。歐洲空間局成為第三間派遣探測船訪問火星的航太機構,其火星快車號於2003年12月25日到達火星軌道。2014年9月24日,印度空間研究組織的火星軌道探測器到達火星軌道,成為第四個成功派遣探測船到達火星的航太機構。接著還有阿聯酋的希望號與及中國的天問一號。 火星有兩個天然衛星:火衛一和火衛二,形狀不規則,可能是捕獲的小行星。火星目前有八艘的探測船在軌道中運行,分別是美國的火星奧德賽號、火星快車號、火星偵察軌道器、MAVEN轨道器、印度的火星軌道探測器、歐洲太空總署和俄羅斯的火星微量氣體任務衛星、阿聯酋的希望號以及中國的天問一號,地表還有許多火星車和著陸器,包括三台火星車:美國的好奇號、毅力號及中國的祝融號,固定式登陸探測器洞察號,和已經結束任務的旅居者號、精神號、鳳凰號和機會號、還有首架火星無人飛機機智號。根據探測的證據,火星兩極有冰冠覆蓋,亦觀察到季節性的水氣,與及類似地下水湧出的現象,而過往的火星亦可能覆蓋大面積的海洋、湖泊及河流。火星全球勘測者則觀察到南極冠有部份退縮。火星快車號和火星偵察軌道器的雷達資料顯示兩極和中緯度地表下存在大量的水冰。2008年7月31日,鳳凰號直接於表土之下證實水冰的存在。2013年9月26日,火星探測車好奇號發現火星土壤含有豐富水分,大約為1.5至3重量百分比,顯示火星有足夠的水資源供給未來移民使用。2015年9月證實火星有間歇流動的液態水(液態鹽水)。2018年7月25日,意大利航天局宣佈,在火星冰盖之下發現一個直径20公里的冰下湖。這是太空科学家在火星上探测到的首个大型液态水体。 由於位於太陽系的宜居帶,同時有更多證據證明火星曾擁有類似地球的環境,與及豐富的資源,故此火星成為各國研究的重點,其中美國及中國已有載人登陸火星的計劃,長遠在火星建立基地。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
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