Mecca

Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the holiest city in Islam. It is located in the Hejazi region of western Saudi Arabia and is the capital of Mecca Province. Mecca is considered the birthplace of Islam and is the birthplace of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4million, making it the third–most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. The Cave of Hira atop the , just outside the city, is where Muslims believe the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad. Visiting Mecca for the is an obligation upon all able Muslims. The Great Mosque of Mecca, known as the , is home to the Kaaba, believed by Muslims to have been built by Abraham and Ishmael. It is the direction of prayer () for all Muslims worldwide. Around 44.5% of the population are Saudi citizens and around 55.5% are Muslim foreigners from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Hijri month of . With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten most visited cities in the world.