甲烷

Also known as CH4, marsh gas, methyl hydride, tetrahydridocarbon, Carbane, tetrahydrogen monocarbide, CH₄, nonessential gasotransmitter

結構最簡單的烷類

OverviewAI-generated

Methane is a chemical compound with the formula CH₄. It has a canonical SMILES representation of "C" and an IUPAC name of methane. The substance has a mass of 16.031 and a weight of 16.043. Its electric dipole moment is 0, and it has zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. The compound was discovered in 1777.

Physical properties include a melting point of -182.49 or -182.46 and a boiling point of 111.4, -161, or -161.48. The speed of sound in methane is 1337, and its density is 422.36. Standard molar entropy is 186.3, while the standard enthalpy of formation is -74520. Combustion enthalpy is -890.3, and the autoignition temperature is 537.8. The global warming potential is 84, and the ozone depletion potential is 0. The ionization energy is 12.51.

Synthesized by Vinony from 31 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: CH4
Molecular weight: 16.043 g/mol
IUPAC name: methane
SMILES: C
InChIKey: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP: 0.6
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

54,580 papers

Utilisation of low methane concentrations by methanotrophs.ReviewAdvances in microbial physiology · 2024He L, Lidstrom MEDOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.005
Physiology of atmospheric methane-oxidizing bacteria.ReviewCurrent opinion in microbiology · 2025Tveit AT, Dumont MG, Schmider TDOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102656
Ion spectroscopy in methane activation.ReviewMass spectrometry reviews · 2022Roithová J, Bakker JMDOI: 10.1002/mas.21698
Quantitative assessment of methane bioconversion based on kinetics and bioenergetics.ReviewBioresource technology · 2024Hwang IY, Kalyuzhnaya MG, Lee EYDOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131269
Methane emission from sewers.ReviewThe Science of the total environment · 2015Liu Y, Ni BJ, Sharma KR et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.029
Strategies to Mitigate Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminant Animals.ReviewJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Tseten T, Sanjorjo RA, Kwon M et al.DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02019
Methane and the gastrointestinal tract.ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences · 2010Sahakian AB, Jee SR, Pimentel MDOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-1012-0
Methane Medicine: A Rising Star Gas with Powerful Anti-Inflammation, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptosis Properties.ReviewOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Jia Y, Li Z, Liu C et al.DOI: 10.1155/2018/1912746

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Instance of: gas
Has part: hydrogen
Mass: 16.031
Image: Methane-graphic.svg
Autonomy: 537.8
Has use: lifting gas

Show 22 more facts

canonical SMILES: C
chemical formula: CH₄
Commons category: Methane
topic's main category: Category:Methane
speed of sound: 450
standard molar entropy: 186.3
melting point: -182.46
boiling point: -161.48
standard enthalpy of formation: -74520
combustion enthalpy: -890.3
subject has role: reducing agent
conjugate acid: methanium
global warming potential: 84
ionization energy: 12.51
electric dipole moment: 0
density: 422.36
has effect: air pollution
discoverer or inventor: Alessandro Volta
time of discovery or invention: 1777-00-00
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
ozone depletion potential: 0
has cause: climate change

Sources (15)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 中文

甲烷（英語：Methane），是結構最簡單的烃类，化學式为CH4，由一個碳原子以及四個氫原子組成。它是天然氣的主要成分。甲烷在地球上有很高的相對豐度，使之成為很有發展潜力的一種燃料，但在標準狀態下收集以及存儲氣態的甲烷是一個十分有挑戰性的課題。在自然狀態下，甲烷可以在地底下或者海底找到，大氣中也含有甲烷，這些甲烷稱為大氣甲烷。在原始大氣中，甲烷是主要成分之一。自1750年以來，地球大氣中的甲烷濃度增加了約150％，造成的全球暖化效應以及全球所有溫室氣體的20％（不包括水蒸氣）。在太空中，不少星體的表面和大氣中也有甲烷。甲烷的結構是由一個碳和四個氫原子透過sp3混成的方式化合而成，而且是所有烴類物質中，含碳量最小，且含氫量最大的碳氫化合物，因此甲烷分子的分子結構是一個正四面體的結構，碳大約位於該正四面體的幾何中心，氫位於其四個頂點，且四個碳氫鍵的鍵的鍵角相等、鍵長等長。標準狀態下的甲烷是一種無色無味的氣體。一些有機物在缺氧情況下分解時所產生的沼氣主要成分就是甲烷。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA