hydrogen

Also known as element 1

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has the symbolH and atomic number1. It is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all normal matter. Under standard conditions, hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula, called dihydrogen, or sometimes hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen. Dihydrogen is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Stars, including the Sun, mainly consist of hydrogen in a plasma state, while on Earth, hydrogen is found as the gas (dihydrogen) and in molecules, such as in water and org

OverviewAI-generated

Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. It is classified as an atmophile element, a nonmetal, an s-block element, and a reducing agent. The element has an oxidation state of -1, 1, or 0 and an electronegativity of 2.2. Its antiparticle is antihydrogen.

The substance was discovered in 1766 by Henry Cavendish, Mikhail Lomonosov, and Antoine Lavoisier in the Russian Empire, the United Kingdom, and France. It is part of period 1 and group 1, and is a component of water. Physical properties include a mass of 1.008, a density of 0.089870, a refractive index of 1.000132, a speed of sound of 1270, and a thermal conductivity of 0.1805.

Synthesized by Vinony from 25 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Research

860,653 papers

Hydrogen from Water is more than a Fuel: Hydrogenations and Hydrodeoxygenations for a Biobased Economy.ReviewChemical record (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Harnisch F, Morejón MCDOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100034
Development of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers for Hydrogen Storage and Transport.ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Le TH, Tran N, Lee HJDOI: 10.3390/ijms25021359
Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2023Rousseau AR, Stankovic MD, Berlinguette CPDOI: 10.3791/65098
Photocatalytic Approaches for Hydrogen Production via Formic Acid Decomposition.ReviewTopics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2019Navlani-García M, Salinas-Torres D, Mori K et al.DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0253-4
Benzothiazoline: versatile hydrogen donor for organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation.ReviewAccounts of chemical research · 2015Zhu C, Saito K, Yamanaka M et al.DOI: 10.1021/ar500414x
A strategy of local hydrogen capture and catalytic hydrogenation for enhanced therapy of chronic liver diseases.Theranostics · 2023Tao G, Liu F, Jin Z et al.DOI: 10.7150/thno.80494
Carbon neutral hydrogen storage and release cycles based on dual-functional roles of formamides.Nature communications · 2023Wei D, Shi X, Junge H et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39309-4
Structural basis for bacterial energy extraction from atmospheric hydrogen.Nature · 2023Grinter R, Kropp A, Venugopal H et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05781-7

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Encyclopedic overview

48 sections

Contents

Properties
Atomic hydrogen
Electron energy levels
Nomenclature
Isotopes
Dihydrogen
Combustion
Spin isomers
Phases
Thermal and physical properties
History
18th century
19th century
20th century
Hydrogen-lifted airship
Deuterium and tritium
Chemistry
Reactions of H<sub>2</sub>
Hydrogen-containing compounds
Hydrogen bonding
Protons and acids
Occurrence
Cosmic
Terrestrial
Production and storage
Industrial routes
Steam reforming
Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
Water electrolysis
Methane pyrolysis
Thermochemical
Natural routes
Biohydrogen
Serpentinization
Laboratory syntheses
Storage
Applications
Petrochemical industry
Hydrogenation
Fuel
Nickel–hydrogen battery
Semiconductor industry
Niche and evolving uses
Safety and precautions
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Hydrogen gas was first produced artificially in the 17thcentury by the reaction of acids with metals. Henry Cavendish, in1766–1781, identified hydrogen gas as a distinct substance and discovered its property of producing water when burned: this is the origin of hydrogen's name, which means (from , and ). Understanding the colors of light absorbed and emitted by hydrogen was a crucial part of the development of quantum mechanics.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “hydrogen” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.