Also known as Mexico D.F., City of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
capital de México
Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and also the most populous city in North America, making it a major global hub for culture and finance. Located high in Mexico's central plateau at 2,240 meters, the city is classified as an Alpha world city and is organized into 16 boroughs subdivided into numerous neighborhoods.
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thumb|right|250px|Angel de la Independencia in [[Mexico City/Zona Rosa|Zona Rosa]]
The greater Mexico City metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and the largest city in North America, with 22 million people living in the metropolitan area in 2020. It sits in the Valley of Mexico. It is shaped roughly like an oval of about 60 km by 40 km with large parts of it built on the dry bed of Lake Texcoco, and surrounded on three sides by tall mountains and volcanoes such as the Ajusco, the Popocatepetl and the Iztaccihuatl. Mexico City proper (with an estimated population of 9.2 million) is the country's capital, and since 2016 has been a "federal entity" with the same powers as the states of Mexico, though still separate from the states. Confusingly, the rest of the metropolitan area extends beyond Mexico City into the State of Mexico, which surrounds Mexico City on the west, north and east, and Hidalgo further north. Practically speaking, Mexico City refers to the city proper and is the area where tourists will spend all or most of their time.
The city center is above mean sea level, and some outlying areas reach up to . This is far higher than any metropolitan area in the United States or Europe, and some people have breathing difficulties because of this. If you live closer to sea level, you may experience difficulty breathing due to altitude and pollution. Air quality has, however, been improved in the last few years.
thumb|right|Skyscrapers along Reforma M…
Mexico City is a huge place, but driving is definitely not a way to see it even if tourist attractions are scattered throughout the city. There are several public transport options. The city government operates the Metro and Metrobús bus rapid transit (BRT) system, which are cheap and reliable but can be very crowded during rush hour. It also operates a light rail line, RTP bus system and electric trolleybuses. There are plenty of franchised private buses, minibuses and vans, known as peseros and combis, which are less reliable and safe but reach more destinations. In the metropolitan area, there is a commuter train line and the Mexibús bus rapid transit system, but most destinations are only served by private minibuses and vans. There are thousands of taxis, painted in white and magenta, and several ride-hailing services with surprisingly cheap rates.
If you get lost and are far away from your hotel, hop into a pesero (mini bus) or bus that takes you to a Metro station (look for the sign with the stylized metro "M" in the front window). Using the wall maps, you can get back to a more familiar place (such as Zocalo or Bellas Artes). If it's after midnight, taking a taxi is your best bet.
La Ciudad de México (CDMX), antes el Distrito Federal (D. F.), es la capital de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Es una de las entidades federativas que, junto con treinta y un estados, conforman dicho país. Asimismo, es sede de los Poderes de la Unión. Está dividida en dieciséis demarcaciones territoriales. Se localiza en el Valle de México en la región centro sur del país; colinda al norte, oeste y este con Estado de México y al sur con Morelos. Con 1495 km², representa el 0.1 % del territorio nacional, siendo la entidad más pequeña del país. Su población es 99 % urbana y en 2020 la población se censó en 9 209 944 habitantes, que representa el 7.3 % del total del país, lo que la posiciona como la segunda entidad federativa más poblada por detrás del Estado de México. No obstante, si se considera la totalidad de la zona metropolitana del Valle de México como su mayor urbe, suma 21 804 515 habitantes, lo que la coloca como la aglomeración urbana más grande del mundo hispanohablante y de América, y la octava aglomeración más grande y poblada del mundo. En 2019, su índice de desarrollo humano era de 0.837 (clasificado muy alto), primera entidad del país por IDH. Es el núcleo urbano más grande de México y su principal centro político, económico, social, académico, financiero, empresarial, turístico, cultural, de comunicaciones y de entretenimiento. En 2018, tuvo un PIB nominal de 568 445 000 000 (quinientos sesenta y ocho mil cuatrocientos cuarenta y cinco millones) de dólares. Catalogada como una ciudad global, también es uno de los centros financieros y culturales más importantes del mundo, con una de las economías más dinámicas a nivel internacional, y es, por el tamaño de su PIB, la número quince a nivel mundial. En el 2018, representó el 17 % del total del PIB nacional, con un crecimiento medio en ese año de 6.8 % (por encima de la media nacional), y una aportación del 27 % al crecimiento económico del país en ese año. Ha sido el escenario de varios de los acontecimientos históricos y mediáticos más importantes de dicha nación. No hay consenso científico sobre la fecha de la fundación de la ciudad, pero pudo ocurrir a inicios del siglo XIV. Correlaciones hechas en el periodo de la Nueva España sugieren que la fundación fue llevada a cabo por los mexicas el 13 de marzo de 1325, en una isla del lago de Texcoco, con el nombre de Cuauhmixtitlan y renombrada México-Tenochtitlan por Acamapichtli en 1376 como homenaje al caudillo Ténoch. Ese núcleo urbano se convirtió, con el tiempo, en la capital del Imperio mexica. El 13 de agosto de 1521, los mexicas fueron derrotados con la toma de la ciudad, a manos de los españoles y sus aliados indígenas al mando del conquistador español Hernán Cortés, acontecimiento que marcó el inicio de la época virreinal. En 1535, se creó oficialmente el Virreinato de la Nueva España y se estableció la nueva Ciudad de México encima de la antigua México-Tenochtitlan, reconocida por una cédula real, de 1545, como Muy Noble, Insigne, Muy Leal e Imperial Ciudad de México por Carlos I de España. En ese momento, fue declarada capital del virreinato, y funcionó a partir de entonces como centro político, financiero y administrativo de los territorios del Imperio español en Norteamérica, Centroamérica, Asia y Oceanía. El dominio español de esa época sobre la ciudad capital llegó a su fin cuando concluyó la guerra de independencia en 1821, con la entrada del Ejército Trigarante a la ciudad. El estatus de sede de gobierno fue ratificado en el Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano, que la nombraba Capital del Imperio. En 1823, con la proclamación de la Primera República Federal, terminó de manera oficial el Primer Imperio mexicano (1821-1823), y el 18 de noviembre de 1824 el Congreso decidió crear un Distrito Federal (es decir, una entidad distinta a los demás estados) para albergar los poderes Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial en un territorio que no perteneciese a ningún estado en particular, a fin de evitar la hegemonía de un estado sobre los demás de la federación. Gracias a fray Servando Teresa de Mier y a algunas otras personas que apoyaron su causa, Ciudad de México fue elegida como el lugar donde se concentrasen los poderes de la unión. En 1929, se extinguieron las libertades municipales del Distrito Federal. Las progresivas modificaciones al estatus de la ciudad comenzaron en 1988 con la conformación de un órgano legislativo de elección popular (la Asamblea de Representantes del Distrito Federal); continuaron en 1997 con la elección de un poder ejecutivo propio (jefe de Gobierno del D. F.); y concluyeron en 2016 con la reforma política que redactó su propia constitución política (entró en vigor plenamente en 2018); este proceso político también concluyó otorgándole en la carta magna federal los mismos derechos y facultades de cualquier estado, pero que, considerando su categoría de capital de la república, conserva la denominación de entidad federativa; también se dejan de emplear los nombres México D. F. y Distrito Federal para usar únicamente el término Ciudad de México. En su territorio se encuentra tres bienes culturales de los treinta y cinco sitios Patrimonio de la Humanidad con los que cuenta el país: el Centro Histórico, Xochimilco (conformada por su centro histórico y tres zonas chinamperas), el Campus Central de la Ciudad Universitaria de la UNAM y la Casa y estudio de Luis Barragán. Cuenta con ciento cincuenta y un museos que la pone como la segunda ciudad con más museos en el mundo solo por detrás de Londres. Además, en 1968, fue la primera ciudad de Latinoamérica y del mundo de habla hispana en albergar una cita olímpica al ser sede de los Juegos Olímpicos de México 1968.
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Downtown Mexico City has been an urban area since the foundation of Tenochtitlán in 1325, and the city is filled with historical buildings and landmarks from every epoch since then. It is also known as the City of Palaces, because of the large number of stately buildings, especially in the Centro. Mexico City has three World Heritage Sites: the Centro Histórico and Xochimilco, the house of architect Luis Barragán and the University City campus of UNAM. In addition, Mexico is one of the cities with the largest number of museums in the world.
thumb|300px | NASCAR race at Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez As the world's 7th largest city, Mexico City offers something for everyone and for every budget. Attractions in Mexico City focus less on lazing on the beach (there are no beaches in Mexico City!) and more on exploring the culture and urban culture of Mexico.
You can find almost any kind of food in this city. There are regional specialties from all over Mexico as well as international cuisine, including Japanese, Chinese, French, Polish, Italian, Argentinean, Belgian, Irish, you name it. The main restaurant areas are in Polanco, Condesa, Centro, Zona Rosa, along Avenida Insurgentes from Viaducto to Copilco and more recently Santa Fe.
There are several Mexican chain family restaurants that can be assumed to be safe and similar no matter where you are, including Vips, Toks, La Casa de Toño and the more traditional Sanborns, all reminiscent of Denny's in the United States. They are uniformly good (if never excellent) and relatively approachable to those who have trepidation around Mexican cuisine. El Globo, a French-style bakery, has locations throughout the city selling both French and traditional Mexican pastries, like orejas (little ears), éclairs, empanadas, and rosca during New Year's. It can't be beat for a quick snack or bagful of pastries to eat later.
If you're on a budget, you can also try one of the myriad comida corrida (set menu) restaurants, frequented by many office workers. Some of these offer very good food, are usually safe, and should range between M$70-110 (March 2022).
Perhaps the most ubiquitous type of food almost anywhere in Mexico city are fast food outlets, located on the ground floor of a street-facing building, or puestos, street stands located on a sidewalk or almost anywhere there is room. Most of the…
Mexico City's nightlife is like all other aspects of the city; it is huge. There is an enormous selection of venues: clubs, bars, restaurants, cafes, and variations and combinations thereof to choose from. There is incredible variation, from ultramodern lounges in Santa Fe and Reforma, to centuries-old dance halls in Centro and Roma. There are also pubs in Tlalpan and Coyoacán and clubs of every stripe in Insurgentes, Polanco, Condesa and the Zona Rosa.
Traveling by yourself at night in certain areas of Mexico City is not a good idea, especially in Plaza Garibaldi, where pickpocketers are ever ready to relieve you of your unguarded cash. One of the ways you can check out the night life safely is by doing a Night Club Tour. These tours will typically take you to a few clubs and include transportation. Mexicans are for the most part very friendly and enjoy socializing.
The typical Mexican place to go to drink is the cantina, a bar where food is usually free, and you pay for drinks (exact policies and minimums vary). Cantinas serve a wide range of Mexican and foreign drinks, with prices usually reasonable compared to prices in the US, and you'll be continually served various Mexican foods, such as tacos (you should ask for 'Botana'). If your tolerance for Mexican music (mariachi or otherwise) and lots of noise is low however, this may not be your kind of place. Cantinas are open moderately late, usually past midnight at the very least. However some cantinas, like La Victoria, …
thumb|200px|Embassy Suites hotel facing Cristobal Colon statue in Reforma.
The city has more than 3,000 hotels in all price ranges. Details about individual properties are in the various District articles.
Budget Hotels: Look in the Centro Histórico where you will find myriad hostels and budget hotels rich in character and charm. Standouts include the Hostel Mexico City, the Casa de los Amigos, and the Hotel MX chain which has several low-priced properties to choose from. Moderate Hotels: Zona Rosa is a tourist haven with mid-range prices and good amenities at places like the Galerias Plaza. A number of stately older hotels along Paseo de la Reforma leading towards Centro Histórico offer character and affordability. A good value in this area is the Barcelo Mexico Reforma. Splurge Hotels: Look in the Polanco district, where high-end hotels thrive (along with trendy restaurants and clubs, upscale shopping and elegant older homes). Chapultepec has several modern high-rise hotels by international chains like JW Marriott, Fiesta Americana and St Regis. The Marquis Reforma is a good bet here. Boutique Hotels: Small hotels that deliver charming local character, preserve historical integrity, and provide personal service are found in many parts of Mexico City, particularly in Condesa and Roma and Polanco.
Despite its reputation, travel in Mexico City is generally safe and most people find it surprisingly non-threatening. Areas around the historic center and other places where tourists usually go are generally well-lit and patrolled in the early evening. Much of your travel within the city will be done via public transportation or walking.
Most people in Mexico City are quite hospitable and some will speak English, and people who work for hotels and other hospitality-oriented businesses will always help. This will help in avoiding confusion, becoming lost or stranded. Also, you can ask a local for advice to get somewhere, though you might need basic Spanish to do this. In the Polanco, Sante Fe and Lomas districts, some police officers and many business people and younger children speak English, as it is very common to learn it in school.
The least safe places where tourists often go are around the north part of the Centro Historico, such as around Garibaldi Square. Be extra vigilant if you go there at night. There is a detailed crime map based on official statistics.
In case of emergency, dial 911, the number for all emergencies (fire, police and medical).
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