
Also known as Moskva, Moscow, Russia, Moskva Federal City, Russia, Moscow, USSR, Moskva, Russia, City of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation, Moscow, Soviet Union
عاصمة روسيا وأكبر مدنها
Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia, located on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population of over 13 million people within the city itself and over 21.5 million in its metropolitan area. It is Europe's most populous city and largest urban area, making it one of the world's most significant cities by size and influence.
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thumb|right|Red Square, painting by Fedor Alekseev, 1802 Moscow is the financial and political centre of Russia and the countries formerly comprising the Soviet Union. It has a population of around 13 million and an area of after an expansion in 2012. Moscow is the second most populous city in Europe, after Istanbul, and has the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, with some 21 million residents, comprising roughly one-seventh of the population of Russia. Moscow is in the UTC+3 time zone; there is no daylight saving time.
Many years since the break up of the Soviet Union, the economy has improved, and the modern era has brought upon a wide variety of construction projects, modern architecture and newer transport systems. The Moscow Metro, in particular, is the longest and busiest subway system in Europe. The city also features Europe's largest concentration of skyscrapers.
See Russia#Get in for visa requirements to Russia.
Moscow's architecture is world-renowned. Moscow is the site of Saint Basil's Cathedral, with its elegant onion domes, as well as the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. and the Seven Sisters. Look out for the monumental Stalinist architecture, most famously the Seven Sisters. Also check out a preserved collection of monumental buildings centred within the historic areas of the Kremlin and Red Square.
Moscow is a very green city: Gorky Park along the Moskva river contains estrades, children's attraction, dancing, tennis courts and other sports facilities.
Moscow has many notable art museums. The Tretyakov Gallery houses works in the classic Russian tradition and the works of Soviet artists. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts has a cross-section of exhibits on world civilisations, and paintings from every major Western era; works by Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne, and Pablo Picasso are present in the museum's collection. The State Historical Museum of Russia has exhibitions that range from relics of the prehistoric tribes inhabiting present-day Russia, through priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty.
Moscow has many attractions, but many of them are not friendly to a non-Russian-speaker. The Moscow Times is an English-language newspaper help to navigate towards English-language friendly attractions and services; however, it may be hard to access due to its political stance.
موسكو (بالروسية: Москва) (وتنطق: ماسْكڤَا) هي عاصمة روسيا وأكبر مدنها، تقع على نهر موسكفا المتصل بنهر فولغا عبر قناة موسكو في وسط روسيا، ويقدر عدد سكانها بنحو 12.5 مليون نسمة داخل حدود المدينة، و17 مليون نسمة في المناطق الحضرية، و20 مليون في منطقة موسكو العاصمة، موسكو هي مركز السياسة والاقتصاد والثقافة والدين والمالية والتعليم والنقل في روسيا، وتعتبر مدينة عالمية. وهي سابع أكبر مدينة حسب عدد السكان في العالم. تقع على نهر موسكفا في المنطقة الفيدرالية المركزية في المنطقة الأوروبية من روسيا. موسكو تقع على ملتقى ثلاث منصات جيولوجية. تاريخياً، كانت موسكو عاصمة الاتحاد السوفيتي، والإمبراطورية الروسية (لثلاث سنين 1728–1730)، روسيا القيصرية، ودوقية موسكو، وهي موقع كرملن موسكو، أحد مواقع التراث العالمي في المدينة، الذي يخدم الرئيس الروسي كمنزل. البرلمان الروسي (مجلس الدوما ومجلس الاتحاد) والحكومة الروسية يقعون في المدينة أيضاً. موسكو تُعتبر مركزاً اقتصادياً رئيسياً. فهي تحتوي العديد من المؤسسات العلمية والتعليمية، والعديد من المرافق الرياضية كذلك. فهي تمتلك نظام نقل معقد يشمل أربعة مطارات دولية، تسعة محطات للسكك الحديدية، ونظام المترو الثاني أكثر ازدحاماً في العالم (بعد طوكيو) الذي يشتهر بهندسته المعمارية والأعمال الفنية. المترو هو المترو أكثر ازدحاماً المشغل بالفرد في العالم. بمرور الوقت، اكتسبت المدينة مجموعة متنوعة من الأسماء المستعارة، معظمهم يُشير إلى مكانتها البارزة في حياة الأمة: روما الثالثة (Третий Рим)، بيضاء الصخر (Белокаменная)، العرش الأول (Первопрестольная)، أربعون الأربعين (Сорок Сороков).
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Make sure you visit a Russian bathhouse (banya) while in Moscow, as it's an important Russian tradition and some Russians, especially those over 40 years old, go at least once a week. Have a hot steam, followed by a good whipping with birch branches. While it's not the most pleasant experience, the benefits you'll receive afterward will enable you to understand why Russians are loyal to their banya.
The Great Moscow State Circus in Moscow's outskirts has 5 arenas (equestrian, water, illusionist, ice rink, and light-effect) 18 m below the floor. Moscow Nikulin Circus is in Moscow/Central-North.
The Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow/Central-North is one of the most famous in the world, in the center of the city. Includes ballet, opera, and classical music performances.
The Sun of Moscow in Moscow's outskirts is Europe's tallest Ferris wheel (140 m height). The Moscow Zoo, also in Moscow's outskirts, is the oldest zoo, dating to 1864, and the biggest zoo in Russia, has over 6,000 animals representing about 1000 species and covers an area of about 21.5 hectares.
You can go ice skating in Moscow's outskirts at the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure, and Luzhniki aka Kristall skating ring.
Moscow has f…
Currency exchange offices are plentiful in the city, but be sure to count your change and note that the advertised rates sometimes don't include an added commission or only apply to large exchanges. Be sure to break your and notes where you can since the smaller merchants, street vendors and even many metro clerks often refuse them.
Large shopping malls are common near metro stations.
thumb|255px|Russian borsch
Dining establishments in Moscow range from food stalls near metro stations to quick canteen-style 'Stolovaya' eateries to American-style fast food chains to overpriced restaurants catering to tourists to high-end restaurants where you can spend .
Restaurants and cafes promising "European and Caucasus cuisine" generally cater to tourists and are usually bad; seek a restaurant that specializes in a single region instead (Georgian, Russian, Italian, French, etc.).
Many small restaurants offer lunch specials costing . These deals are valid from 12:00 to 15:00 and include a cup of soup or an appetizer, a small portion of the main dish of the day, bread and a non-alcoholic beverage.
For information on tipping in restaurants, see Russia#Eat.
Authentic ethnic food from countries of the nearby Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia) is common in Moscow. Japanese food, including sushi, rolls, tempura, and steakhouses are very popular in Moscow. Other Asian cuisines including Vietnamese, Thai, and Chinese are becoming increasingly more common.
Moscow enjoys a relatively low crime rate. thumb|Patrol Police vehicle Drunk people are the most likely sources of problems. In the past years, lots of policemen were corrupt, and it was best to avoid them. Nowadays Moscow has a Tourist Police force, whose officers are able to speak foreign languages and help tourists. Police officers are equipped with body-cameras.
It is preferable to avoid some parts of the outer districts of Moscow, especially in the south. Some of those areas are notorious for gopniks (drunkards notorious for muggings and starting fights with strangers, and will do so seemingly unprovoked), who normally hang out in sparse residential areas and in industrial zones. The same problems can be witnessed in the surrounding regions and in other Russian cities as well.
While traveling in Moscow, as in the rest of Russia, you should always have your passport with you. If you look non-white, your papers may get checked more often than otherwise. The police may demand to see your papers to check if you have been registered within 7 business days of your arrival into Moscow. Always remember that if you stay in a hotel then you are automatically registered and will be handed a confirmation paper at a time of check-in, so don't worry in this case. The police are usually looking for migrants from Central Asia and unless you fit this profile, you are unlikely to be questioned.
Women should take caution walking alone late at night since they may receive unwanted attent…
For information on using telephones and buying SIM cards in Russia, see Russia#Connect.
Mobile Internet is quite affordable in Russia, but you have to buy Russian SIM-card first.
Moscow is a hub for flights and trains in Russia.
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