Nangarhar Province

Nangarhar (also spelled Nangrahar, Ningrahar, and Ningarhar, Pashto: د ننګرهار ولایت, romanized: Da Nangarhār Wilāyat and Dari: ولایت ننگرهار, romanized: Wilāyat-e Nangarhār) is one of the major eastern provinces of Afghanistan and serves as a key political, economic, and cultural gateway between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It borders Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province to the east and south, while internally it is adjacent to the Afghan provinces of Kunar, Laghman, Kabul, and Logar. The provincial capital is Jalalabad, a lowland city located along the Kabul River that functions as the principal administrative, commercial, and educational center of the region.

Covering an area of approximately 7,700 square kilometers and hosting an estimated population of around 1.8 million people (as of 2023), Nangarhar is defined by its fertile river valleys, semi-arid plains, and the lower reaches of the Spin Ghar mountain range, which forms the natural frontier with Pakistan. The province's landscape is shaped by the Kabul, Kunar, and Surkh Rod rivers, which support extensive agricultural production and sustain some of Afghanistan's most densely populated rural districts.