Skip to content
Nematoda

File:CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

EntityQ5185· pop 113· linked from 2,953 articles

Also known as roundworm, roundworms, nematode, Nematode

The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of soil-transmitted helminthiases.

OverviewAI-generated

Nematoda is a phylum within the kingdom Animalia, classified under the parent taxa Nematoida and Ecdysozoa. First described by Diesing in 1861, this group is commonly known as nematodes. The scientific name is Nematoda, and it is studied by the field of nematology. These organisms are categorized as worms and have existed since about 525 million years ago.

Nematodes inhabit marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Records indicate 1,051,642 occurrences and 22,805 specimen records, with media available from institutions such as CINVESTAV-IPN in Mexico. The taxon is accepted in global databases and is referenced by 2,953 other encyclopedia articles. It appears on focus lists for comprehensive coverage across languages.

Synthesized by Vinony from 38 facts across 8 sources: Wikidata, GBIF, PubMed, iNaturalist, Gbif Occ, WoRMS, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Species

nematodes

Nematoda

PHYLUM

  1. KingdomAnimalia
  2. PhylumNematoda
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
Observations0
Observations recorded1,051,642

線蟲動物門(学名:Nematoda[1])是動物界中最大的門之一,為假體腔動物,絕大多數體小呈圓柱形,又稱圓蟲(roundworms)。 線蟲的物種很不容易區分,有相關描述的已超過二萬五千種[2][3],其中超過一半是寄生性的(包括許多植物及人類在內動物的病原體)[4]。線蟲的物種數估計超過一百萬種[5],只有節肢動物比線蟲更多樣化。线虫的消化系統是有二個開口的管狀消化系統,和刺胞動物門及扁形動物門不同。 线虫幾乎已適應了地球所有的生態系,從海洋(海水)到淡水、土壤、極地到赤道、也包括不同海拔高度的地區。牠們在淡水、海水、陸地上隨處可見,並在極端的環境如南極和海溝都可發現,其個體數量及物種個數會常常超過其他的動物,甚至在高山、沙漠、南極和海溝中都可以生存。在岩石圈每個部份都有线虫的存在[6],甚至是在南非地下900公尺到3600公尺深的金礦坑表面也不例外[7][8] [9][10][6]。海床上有90%的動物是线虫[11]。線蟲的數量眾多,常常每立方公尺就有上百萬個線蟲,佔地球所有動物的80%,線蟲生命週期的多様性,在各種營養條件下都有存在,也使得他們在許多生態系統中有重要的影響[12]。有些線蟲會有隱生的特性。 線蟲原先在1919年被Nathan Cobb(英语:Nathan Cobb)命名為Nemata。後來,牠們被降級為囊蠕蟲中的一綱,最後才被重新分類至線蟲動物門。 目录 1 形態學 2 食性與排泄 3 生殖與生命史 4 生活方式 4.1 非寄生的線蟲 4.2 寄生 4.2.1 動物寄生 4.2.2 植物寄生 5 分类 6 流行病學 7 土壤系統 8 注释 9 相關條目 10 外部連結 形態學 線蟲是三胚層(英语:Triploblasty)的後生動物,有一套完整的消化器官。線蟲沒有循環系統及呼吸系統;呼吸及物質的運輸完全是透過擴散作用完成的。體薄、縱切面為圓形,但實際上是兩側對稱的。線蟲的體腔是一個狹窄的假體腔。口部經常有不同的蓋口或突出物,有捕食及感覺的功能。在肛門之後的身體部位稱做尾部。表皮會分泌出堆積成層的角質層,保護身體免於乾燥、消化液,或其他嚴苛環境的破壞,有些種類還會形成移動用的突出物,例如幫助活動的纖毛。雖然此角質層允許移動及形狀改變,它仍非常不具彈性,且不允許蟲體的體積變大。因此,隨著蟲體長大,牠就得蛻皮(英语:Moulting)、並產生新的角質層。角質層不允許體積改變的原因是要維持體內的高液壓。因為這個原因,線蟲沒有環狀肌,只有縱向肌,因為沒有這個必要。線蟲體內的液壓就是牠們是圓形的原因。 線蟲有一套簡單的神經系統。一條主神經索在腹側延伸,在頭端的感覺構造被稱做雙器(英语:Amphid)(amphid),而尾端的感覺構造則被稱做側尾腺孔(英语:phasmid)(phasmid)。 大部分自由生活的線蟲都相當微小,但有幾種寄生性的線蟲,

via GBIF

Museum specimens

Specimen records
22,805
With media
383
Collections
CINVESTAV-IPN
Recorded in
Mexico

Research

96,019 papers

via PubMed

~29 min read

Encyclopedic overview

21 sections
Contents
  • Etymology
  • Taxonomy and systematics
  • History
  • Phylogeny
  • Systematics
  • Fossil record
  • Anatomy
  • Digestive system
  • Excretory system
  • Nervous system
  • Reproduction
  • Aging
  • Free-living species
  • Parasitic species
  • Agriculture and horticulture
  • Disease in humans
  • Soil ecosystems
  • Survivability
  • See also
  • References
  • External links

The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of soil-transmitted helminthiases.

They are classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa. Unlike the flatworms, nematodes have a tubular digestive system, with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Nematoda” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

Gallery (22)