The Nymphalinae are a subfamily of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). Sometimes, the subfamilies Limenitidinae, and Biblidinae are included here as subordinate tribe(s), while the tribe Melitaeini is occasionally regarded as a distinct subfamily. Their phylogenetics can be traced back to the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, followed by repeated dispersals into the rest of the Old World and the New World during various periods beginning in the Eocene.
The Nymphalinae are a subfamily of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). Sometimes, the subfamilies Limenitidinae, and Biblidinae are included here as subordinate tribe(s), while the tribe Melitaeini is occasionally regarded as a distinct subfamily. Their phylogenetics can be traced back to the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, followed by repeated dispersals into the rest of the Old World and the New World during various periods beginning in the Eocene.
== Systematics== The traditionally recognized tribes of Nymphalinae are here listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence: Coeini (six or seven genera) Nymphalini – anglewings, tortoiseshells and relatives (about 15 genera, two are fossil) Kallimini (about five genera) Victorinini (four genera, formerly in Kallimini) Junoniini (about five genera) Melitaeini – fritillaries (about 25 genera) Vanessulini (one genus, Vanessula Dewitz, 1887 , per Grishin in Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 202, elsewhere as incertae sedis)
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).