paratyphoid fever

Also known as Paratyphoid, Paratyphoid A fever (disorder), Paratyphoid B fever (disorder), Paratyphoid C fever (disorder), Paratyphoid Fever A, Paratyphoid Fever B, Paratyphoid Fever C, paratyphoid a

bacterial infection caused by one of the three types of Salmonella enterica

Key facts

Other names: Paratyphoid
Specialty: Infectious disease
Symptoms: Fever, headache, rash, weakness (symptoms are usually milder than typhoid but can still cause complications)
Usual onset: 6–30 days post-exposure
Duration: Weeks to months
Causes: Salmonella enterica spread by food or water contaminated with feces
Risk factors: Poor sanitation, crowded populations
Diagnostic method: Culturing the bacteria or detecting its DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow
Prevention: Handwashing, clean water
Treatment: Antibiotics
Frequency: 529,000
Deaths

Article

Paratyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of three types of Salmonella enterica. Symptoms usually begin 6–30 days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever. Often, a gradual onset of a high fever occurs over several days. Weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches also commonly occur. Some people develop a skin rash with rose-colored spots. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity. Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever.

Paratyphoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica of the serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, or Paratyphi C growing in the intestines and blood. They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. They may occur when a person who prepares food is infected. Risk factors include poor sanitation as is found among poor crowded populations. Occasionally, they may be transmitted by sex. Humans are the only animals infected. Diagnosis may be based on symptoms and confirmed by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacterial DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. Culturing the bacteria can be difficult. Bone-marrow testing is the most accurate. Symptoms are similar to those of many other infectious diseases. Typhus is a different disease.