Polypodiineae is a suborder of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is equivalent to the clade eupolypods I in earlier systems, and to the very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae in the classification of Christenhusz & Chase (2014). It probably diverged from the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods II) during the mid-Cretaceous. The divergence is supported by both molecular data and an often overlooked morphological characteristic which lies in the vasculature of the petiole. Most species that make up the suborder have three vascular bundles. The only exceptions are the grammitid ferns which hav
Polypodiineae is a suborder of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is equivalent to the clade eupolypods I in earlier systems, and to the very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae in the classification of Christenhusz & Chase (2014). It probably diverged from the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods II) during the mid-Cretaceous. The divergence is supported by both molecular data and an often overlooked morphological characteristic which lies in the vasculature of the petiole. Most species that make up the suborder have three vascular bundles. The only exceptions are the grammitid ferns which have one, and the genus Hypodematium which has two. This differs from eupolypods II which mostly have two vascular bundles (except the well-nested blechnoid ferns which generally have at least three).
__TOC__ ==Taxonomy== In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the group is treated as the suborder Polypodiineae, and divided into 11 families. Alternatively, it may be treated as a single, very broadly circumscribed family Polypodiaceae sensu lato, which is then divided into subfamilies. The relationship between the two approaches is shown in the table below. {| class="wikitable" ! PPG I !! Christenhusz & Chase (2014) |- |Suborder Polypodiineae Dumort.||Family Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Didymochlaenaceae Ching ex Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Didymochlaenoideae Christenh. |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Hypodematiaceae Ching||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Hypodematioideae Christenh. |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Dryopteridaceae Herter||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Dryopteridoideae Link |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Nephrolepidaceae Pic.Serm.||rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Lomariopsidoideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Lomariopsidaceae Alston |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Tectariaceae Panigrahi||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Tectarioideae B.K.Nayar |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Oleandroideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Davalliaceae M.R.Schomb.||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Davallioideae Hook. |- |style="padding-left: 2em;"|Family Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl||style="padding-left: 2em;"|Subfamily Polypodioideae B.K.Nayar |}
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).