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Psamathe is a small moon that orbits the planet Neptune in our solar system. It is one of Neptune's many known moons and helps scientists understand the composition and structure of the Neptune system.
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Psamathe /ˈsæməθiː/, also known as Neptune X, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Neptune. It is named after Psamathe, one of the Nereids. Psamathe was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and David C. Jewitt in 2003 using the 8.2 meter Subaru Telescope. Before it was officially named on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802 ), it was known by the provisional designation S/2003 N 1.
Animation of Psamathe moving in images by Very Large Telescope on 13 July 2010 Psamathe is about 38 kilometers in diameter. It orbits Neptune at a distance of between 25.7 and 67.7 million km (for comparison, the Sun–Mercury distance varies between 46 million and 69.8 million km) and requires almost 25 Earth years to make one orbit. The orbit of this satellite is close to the theoretical stable separation from Neptune for a body in a retrograde orbit. Given the similarity of Psamathe's orbital parameters with Neso (S/2002 N 4), it was suggested that both irregular satellites could have a common origin in the breakup of a larger moon. Both are farther from their primary than most other known moons in the Solar System (although not as far as S/2021 N 1).