Punjab

Also known as Punjab region, Land of Five Rivers

Punjab ( ; , ) is a geographical, ethnolinguistic, and historical region in South Asia, located in its northwestern part, comprising areas of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. It is primarily inhabited by the Punjabi people. Lahore is its largest city and historic capital, with other major cities including Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Sialkot, Sargodha, and Bahawalpur in Pakistan; alongside Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Patiala, Mohali, Bathinda, Firozpur, and Fazilka in India.

AI overview

Punjab is a region in northwestern South Asia that spans parts of modern-day Pakistan and India and is home to the Punjabi people. It matters as a significant geographical, cultural, and historical area, with Lahore as its largest city and numerous other major urban centers on both sides of the border.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Settlement.name: Punjab
Settlement.native_name: (Punjabi)
Settlement.native_name_lang: pa
Settlement.settlement_type: Historical region
Settlement.nickname: Land of the Five Rivers
Settlement.image_map: Punjab map (topographic) with cities.png
Settlement.map_caption: Location of Punjab in South Asia
Settlement.subdivision_type: Countries
Settlement.subdivision_type2: Largest city
Settlement.subdivision_name2: Lahore
Settlement.subdivision_type3: Second largest city
Settlement.subdivision_name3: Faisalabad
Settlement.named_for: Five tributaries of the Indus River
Settlement.demographics_type1: Demographics
Settlement.demographics1_title1: Ethnic groups
Settlement.demographics1_info1: Punjabis Minor: Balochs, Biharis, Dogras, Haryanvis, Himachalis, Hindkowans, Kashmiris, Muhajirs, Pashtuns, Saraikis, Sindhis
Settlement.demographics1_title2: Languages
Settlement.demographics1_info2: Punjabi, its dialects and varieties and others

via Wikipedia infobox

~57 min read

Encyclopedic overview

40 sections

Contents

Etymology
History
Ancient period
Invasions of Alexander the Great (c. 4th century BCE)
Mauryan Empire (c. 320–180 BCE)
Medieval period
Hindu Shahis (c. 820–1022 CE)
Turkic rule (c. 1030–1320 CE)
Tughlaq dynasty (c. 1320–1410 CE)
Sayyid dynasty (c. 1410–1450 CE)
Langah Sultanate (c. 1450–1530 CE)
Early modern period
Mughal Empire (c. 1530–1700 CE)
Pakpattan state (c. 1700–1730 CE)
Sial dynasty (c. 1730–1799 CE)
Modern period
Sikh Empire (c. 1799–1849 CE)
British Punjab (c. 1849–1947 CE)
Geography
Sikh Empire
Punjab (British India)
Major cities
Climate
Western Punjab
Central Punjab
Eastern Punjab
Demographics
Languages
Religions
Background
Colonial era
Post-partition
Tribes
Economy
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to , followed by migrations of the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and formed the foundation of Punjabi culture. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan."

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Punjab” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.