🌐EnglishEnglishEspañolFrançaisPortuguêsРусский中文EntityQ2978942· pop 7· linked from 33 articlesRefractory clergyMembers of the French Catholic clergy who refused to take the oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy during the French RevolutionConnectionsPopeEntityFrench RevolutionEntityCategories1789 establishments in FranceHistory of Catholicism in FranceReligion and the French RevolutionReligious oaths