Also known as Republic of Rwanda, The Land of a Thousand Hills
非洲东部的国家
Rwanda is a landlocked country in East Africa known for its mountainous terrain, tropical highland climate, and natural features including lakes and volcanoes, with Kigali as its capital and largest city. The country's distinctive geography of rolling hills and varied landscapes has earned it the nickname "Land of a Thousand Hills."
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Rwanda has come a long way since the civil war and the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi devastated this small country. Shake off your memories of tragic history and expect a warm and friendly welcome to the beautiful country now that this country is modernizing. It is a fast-growing country in Africa in terms of a lot of categories. It is sometimes called "The Singapore of Africa", due to both countries' similarities in geography, politics and modern history.
thumb|Countryside road in Rwanda
thumb|Genocide Memorial site in Kigali
thumb|Filled plate at a buffet restaurant in Kigali
The local "Brochettes" (skewers) are delicious and are available in most bars and restaurants, as well as ubiquitous vendors along the roads. Small bars will primarily serve goat brochettes, and goat liver brochettes are often of higher quality to the locals. Zingalo is goat intestine, sometimes also served as a brochette. Some locals prefer this and it could be brought to you without asking at very "local" places. So, if you prefer not to eat zingalo, try to see whether other diners seem to be enjoying the spiral looking treat and specify you do not want it when you order ("OYA zingalo"). Some restaurants also serve beef and fish brochettes, and a few will serve chicken. Brochettes are usually served with french fries ("frites") or fried or grilled ibitoke.
If Rwanda has a staple food, it is ibitoke (sing. igitoke). Ibitoke are starchy, potato-like bananas, which are not sweet like plantains. While plantains are available in Rwanda, they are not seen as particularly Rwandan food. Igitoke/banana are served boiled in sauce, grilled, or even fried. You can also refer to them as matoke, which is usually easier for foreigners to pronounce. The sweet bananas in Rwanda are delicious but considerably smaller than the matoke bananas. If you want this type of banana, ask for small banana or sweet banana.
In urban areas a local buffet known as "Melange" is sold at lunchtime. This consists of a buffet of mostly carbohydrates such as…
In most shops you will find milk, water, juices and soft drinks. In most bars the choice is limited to their offering of about 5 soft drinks and 4 beers, Turbo King, Primus, Mützig and Amstel. Primus and Mützig are available in small and large sizes, whereas Amstel is available only in 330 ml bottles. Rwandans are known for their fondness for large beers and when you order Amstel, it is common for a server to bring out 2 bottles at a time. Bralirwa in the west of the Rwanda produces most of the beer and soft drinks available in Rwanda. Inyange produces juices and soft drinks.
卢旺达共和国(盧安達語:Repubulika y'u Rwanda,法語:République du Rwanda,英語:Republic of Rwanda,斯瓦希里語:Jamhuri ya Rwanda),通称卢旺达,是中非东部主权国家,坐落在赤道以南,与乌干达、坦桑尼亚、布隆迪和刚果民主共和国接壤。卢旺达地处大湖地区,海拔较高,地理上以西部的山区和东部的热带草原为主,全国各地分布有多个湖泊。该国属温带到亚热带气候,每年有两个雨季和两个旱季。 卢旺达的人口主要居住在农村地区,以年轻人为主,密度在非洲国家中位居前列。卢旺达人主要分为三个族群:胡图族、图西族和特瓦族。其中特瓦族是该国生活在森林中的最早居民俾格米人的后代,而在胡图族和图西族的起源上学术界尚未有一致結論,一些学者认为他们是由以前的种族社会衍生,另一部分学者则认为他们分别是从不同的种族和部落迁移过来。基督教是该国第一大宗教,主要语言是卢旺达语,与法语和英语並列為该国的官方语言。卢旺达实行总统制政府,现任总统是卢旺达爱国阵线的保罗·卡加梅,于2000年上任。与邻国相比,如今的卢旺达贪污腐败的程度较低,不过人权组织报告称该国的反对派团体受到压制、言论自由也遭到恐吓和限制。该国自前殖民时期以来就一直由严格的行政级别进行管理,全国按2006年划定的边界分成五个省。此外,卢旺达的女性国会议员比例为世界最高。 卢旺达自石器和铁器时代就有人口在此狩猎采集,之后又有班图人迁入。这些人口起初聚集成氏族社会,之后形成王国。18世纪中期,开始统治这片土地,图西族国王征服了其他民族,集中权力,后来还制定了反胡图族的政策。1884年,德国开始对东非实行殖民统治,卢旺达也相应成为德国殖民地,之后又在1916年一战期间成为比利时殖民地。这两个欧洲国家都是通过卢旺达国王来统治该国,并延续其亲图西族政策。1959年,胡图族起兵造反,屠杀了大量图西族人,最终在1962年建立了一个以胡图族人占主导地位的独立国家。1990年,图西族领导的卢旺达爱国阵线发起内战,随之而来的是1994年的种族灭绝,估计受胡图族极端分子屠杀的图西族人與温和派胡图族人有50至100万。最终卢旺达爱国阵线取得了军事上的胜利,这场种族灭绝才相应中止。 卢旺达的经济在1994年的大屠杀期间受到重创,不过此后得以复苏。国家经济主要依靠自给农业,咖啡和茶叶是主要的出口经济作物。该国旅游业增长迅速,如今已是占主导地位的外汇收入来源。卢旺达是仅有的两个能够安全看到山地大猩猩的国家之一,许多游客都愿意为获得大猩猩的追踪许可支付高价。音乐和舞蹈是该国文化的重要组成部分,特别是鼓乐和一种名为“intore”的民族舞蹈。全国各地都有传统工艺品制作,其中包括一种名为“imigongo”,使用牛粪制作的独特艺术品。
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There are also local banana beer preparations called Urwagwa, normally brewed at home and available only in plastic containers but now also sold in bottles at some shops and bars. You can also buy a canned version on this drink under the brand Akarusho, produced by the Rwandan enterpreneur Sina Gérard.
Milk is extremely popular in Rwanda, to the point where people often go to dedicated milk bars to grab a glass. Besides fresh milk, you can also get a type of fermented milk called ikivuguto, which is thick and tangy.
thumb|Ubumwe Grande Hotel
Kigali has a wide range of accommodation, from international chains to budget guesthouses. At the top end, the Kigali Marriott Hotel, Radisson Blu Hotel & Convention Centre, Mövenpick Hotel Kigali, and The Retreat by Heaven offer international standard rooms. The Hotel des Mille Collines and Chez Lando are long established Kigali favourites (though film buffs should note that Hotel Rwanda was filmed in South Africa, not at the Mille Collines).
Mid-range hotels and boutique guesthouses are plentiful in neighbourhoods like Kimihurura, Kacyiru, and Remera, typically costing US$50–100 per night.
Budget accommodation is available from around US$15–30 for a basic but clean room. Hostels and guesthouses can be found across the city. Airbnb is also widely used in Kigali.
Outside Kigali, accommodation options are more limited. The national park areas (Musanze for gorilla trekking, Huye for the south, and the Lake Kivu towns) have a mix of lodges and guesthouses. Lodges near Volcanoes National Park tend to be at the higher end, catering to gorilla trekking visitors. Along Lake Kivu, there are options at every budget level.
Accommodation across Rwanda is generally more expensive than neighbouring Uganda and Tanzania.
thumb|Giraffes in Akagera National Park
Rwanda is generally a safe country for visitors. It ranks among the safest in Africa according to both the Gallup Global Safety Report and the Numbeo Safety Index. Violent crime against tourists is extremely rare, and Kigali is safe to walk around at night in most neighbourhoods, with main roads well lit.
The possible exceptions are certain places along the Congolese and Burundian borders, where the security situation can change. Gisenyi and Kibuye are considered safe, but check travel advisories and local sources before travelling to border areas. Gorilla trekking near the DRC border is generally considered safe due to the continuous Rwandan security presence.
Visitors should follow typical precautions: avoid flaunting expensive jewellery, keep a close eye on wallets and bags in crowded markets and bus stations. The Rwandan police maintain a visible presence throughout the country. If you need assistance, dial 112.
Begging and aggressive panhandling is fairly rare. Usually a firm but polite "no thank you" is enough to be left alone. Raising your voice even slightly will almost certainly end the conversation.
When travelling by bus or car in the countryside, expect to pass through several police checkpoints. These are routine checks of vehicle registration and insurance, not passenger IDs. However, it is still wise to carry your passport (or a copy) with you at all times.
Photography near certain high-level government buildings su…
Despite being close to the equator, Rwanda's high altitude (Kigali sits at around 1,500 m) keeps the climate temperate rather than tropical hot. Precautions should still be taken against sunburn due to the strong equatorial sun, and dehydration when hiking at higher elevations. Sunscreen may be difficult to find outside of larger supermarkets and pharmacies; fair skinned visitors should bring their own.
Tap water is not drinkable. Bottled water is widely available for around FRw500–1,000. Pay attention when purchasing bottled water from smaller kiosks, as they may "recycle" old bottles by filling them with tap water. Always make sure the seal around the bottle cap is unbroken. Avoid drinks with ice, as the ice is almost certainly made from tap water.
Pharmacies stocked with over-the-counter medications, Band-Aids, etc. are found throughout the country. The staff are well-trained, though English may not be spoken to a high proficiency. Bring your own supplies of any specialist or prescription medication.
If you do need medical attention, Kigali has decent facilities. King Faisal Hospital in Kacyiru (+250 788 123 200, or dial 3939 locally) is the main referral hospital, and CHUK ( University Teaching Hospital of Kigali) is in the city centre. Outside Kigali, district hospitals exist in major towns but are more basic. Travel insurance with medical evacuation cover is strongly recommended.
Malaria risk in Kigali is low thanks to the altitude, but increases in lower lying area…
thumb|Skulls in Nyamata Memorial Site Rwanda is a very conservative society, and most people dress modestly, especially women. Wearing shorts or tight skirts and skimpy tops is likely to get you stared at twice as much as normal.
It is unusual for a couple to make public displays of affection, even though many men walk hand in hand with male friends. Also, Rwandans will generally never eat or drink in public, apart from restaurants. Rwandan women are rarely seen smoking in public or out in bars unaccompanied.
Although there is no smoking ban in most public places like bars and restaurants, generally it's not encouraged. Sometimes people may complain of being disturbed with people's smoking.
Rwandans are very private, reserved people and loud public confrontations (shouting matches) or obvious displays of emotion (such as crying) are also frowned upon. If you feel you are being overcharged by a trader, quietly persisting with the negotiation (or your complaint!) is likely to produce results much faster than an angry outburst.
It is also impolite to make eye contact with an elder.
Rwanda is still recovering from a civil war and genocide in which over 800,000 people, perhaps a million, mostly Tutsi, were killed. Many Rwandans lost relatives and friends. Remember to be sensitive to this sad fact when dealing with Rwandans. Most people today are trying to forget the tribal divisions and would rather be referred to as Rwandans than Hutu or Tutsi. It is considered impolite to a…
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