Scytonemin is a secondary metabolite and an extracellular matrix (sheath) pigment synthesized by many strains of cyanobacteria, including Nostoc, Scytonema, Calothrix, Lyngbya, Rivularia, Chlorogloeopsis, and Hyella. Scytonemin-synthesizing cyanobacteria often inhabit highly insolated terrestrial, freshwater and coastal environments such as deserts, semideserts, rocks, cliffs, marine intertidal flats, and hot springs.
Scytonemin is a secondary metabolite and an extracellular matrix (sheath) pigment synthesized by many strains of cyanobacteria, including Nostoc, Scytonema, Calothrix, Lyngbya, Rivularia, Chlorogloeopsis, and Hyella. Scytonemin-synthesizing cyanobacteria often inhabit highly insolated terrestrial, freshwater and coastal environments such as deserts, semideserts, rocks, cliffs, marine intertidal flats, and hot springs.
The pigment was originally discovered in 1849 by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli, although the structure remained unsolved until 1993. It is an aromatic indole alkaloid built from two identical condensation products of tryptophanyl- and tyrosyl-derived subunits linked through a carbon-carbon bond. Depending on the redox conditions it can exist in two inter-convertible forms: a more common oxidized yellow-brown form which is insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in organic solvents, such as pyridine, and a reduced form with bright red color that is more soluble in organic solvents. Scytonemin absorbs very strongly and very broadly across the UV-C-UV-B-UV-A-violet-blue spectral region, with an in vivo maximum absorption at 370 nm and an in vitro maximum absorption at 386 and 252 nm, and with smaller peaks at 212, 278 and 300 nm.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).