File:4-fach-NAND-C10.JPG · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Also known as semiconductor material, semiconductors
電導率在絕緣體至導體之間的物質
A semiconductor is a material whose ability to conduct electricity can be controlled by adding impurities to it, making it useful for creating electronic devices. Semiconductors matter because they form the foundation of modern electronics—including microchips and computer processors—by enabling precise control over electrical flow in ways that pure conductors and insulators cannot.
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In the Vinony graph
Vinony's link graph records 4,012 inbound references to 半導體, and connects out to charge carrier, quantum mechanics and integrated circuit.
It is catalogued under the topic Semiconductors.
Vinony links it to 119 Wikipedia language editions.
Research
88,186 papers- Semiconductor-mediated radiosensitizers: progress, challenges and perspectives.Materials horizons · 2025Wang Y, Yang B, Liu S et al.DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01703j
- Organic Semiconductor-DNA Hybrid Assemblies.ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2020Cui C, Park DH, Ahn DJDOI: 10.1002/adma.202002213
- Semiconductor Work and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Kim K, Sung HK, Lee K et al.DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234626
- Room-Temperature Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Challenges and Opportunities.ReviewACS sensors · 2022Tang Y, Zhao Y, Liu HDOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01142
- Semiconductor nanocrystals for biological imaging.ReviewCurrent opinion in neurobiology · 2005Fu A, Gu W, Larabell C et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.08.004
- Metal-insulator-semiconductor photodetectors.ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2010Lin CH, Liu CWDOI: 10.3390/s101008797
- Semiconductor detector systems.ReviewSeminars in nuclear medicine · 1973Ter-Pogossian MM, Phelps MEDOI: 10.1016/s0001-2998(73)80027-3
- Recent Progress on Semiconductor-Interface Facing Clinical Biosensing.ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Zhang M, Adkins M, Wang ZDOI: 10.3390/s21103467
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Article · 中文
半導體(英語:Semiconductor)是一种电导率在绝缘体至导体之间的物质或材料。半导体在某个温度范围内,随温度升高而增加电荷载流子的浓度,使得电导率上升、电阻率下降;在绝对零度时,成为绝缘体。依有无加入掺杂剂,半导体可分为:本征半导体、杂质半导体(n型半导体、p型半导体)。 电导率容易受控制的半导体,可作为信息处理的元件材料。从科技或是经济发展的角度来看,半导体非常重要。很多电子产品,如计算机、移动电话、数字录音机的核心单元都是利用半导体的电导率变化来处理信息。常见的半导体材料有:第一代(另一種定義/說法:第一「類」)的硅、锗,第二代(類)的砷化镓、磷化銦,第三代(類)的氮化鎵、碳化硅等;而硅更是各种半导体材料中,在商业应用上最具有影响力的一种。 材料的导电性是由导带中含有的电子数量决定。当电子从价带获得能量而跳跃至导电带时,电子就可以在带间任意移动而导电。一般常见的金属材料其导电带与价电带之间的能隙非常小,在室温下电子很容易获得能量而跳跃至导电带而导电,而绝缘材料则因为能隙很大(通常大于9电子伏特),电子很难跳跃至导电带,所以无法导电。 一般半导体材料的能隙约为1至3电子伏特,介于导体和绝缘体之间。因此只要给予适当条件的能量激发,或是改变其能隙之间距,此材料就能导电。 半导体通过电子传导或電洞傳导的方式传输电流。电子传导的方式与铜线中电流的流动类似,即在电场作用下高度电离的原子将多余的电子向着负离子化程度比较低的方向传递。電洞导电则是指在正离子化的材料中,原子核外由于电子缺失形成的「空穴」,在电场作用下,空穴被少数的电子补入而造成空穴移动所形成的电流(一般称为正电流)。 材料中载流子(carrier)的数量对半导体的导电特性极为重要。这可以通过在半导体中有选择的加入其他「杂质」(IIIA、VA族元素)来控制。如果我們在純矽中摻雜(doping)少許的砷或磷(最外層有5個電子),就會多出1個自由電子,這樣就形成n型半導體;如果我們在純矽中摻入少許的硼(最外層有3個電子),就反而少了1個電子,而形成一個電洞(hole),這樣就形成p型半導體(少了1個帶負電荷的原子,可視為多了1個正電荷)。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
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