Strabomantidae

The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.

==Systematics== The following subfamilies and genera are in the family Strabomantidae. Holoadeninae Bahius Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021 Barycholos Heyer, 1969 Bryophryne Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 Euparkerella Griffiths, 1959 Holoaden Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 Microkayla De la Riva, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, and Padial, 2017 Noblella Barbour, 1930 Phyllonastes Heyer, 1977 Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 Qosqophryne Catenazzi, Mamani, Lehr, and von May 2020 Urkuphryne Ortega et al., 2025 Hypodactylinae Niceforonia Goin and Cochran, 1963 Pristimantinae Lynchius Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 Phrynopus Peters, 1873 Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 Serranobatrachus Arroyo, Targino, Rueda-Solano, Daza-R., and Grant, 2022 Tachiramantis Heinicke, Barrio-Amorós, and Hedges, 2015 Yunganastes Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Köhler, Domic, and De la Riva, 2007 Strabomantinae Strabomantis Peters, 1863