File:W_W_Svalbard_LandSat7_21.14475E_78.71545N.png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Svalbard

Also known as Svaldbard, Spitsburgen, Svalbard Archipelago, Svaalbard, Svalbard Islands, Sval'bard, Spitzburgen, Svalbard Island

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Key facts

Dependency.name: Svalbard
Dependency.settlement_type: Unincorporated area
Dependency.image_skyline: File:W W Svalbard LandSat7 21.14475E 78.71545N.png
Dependency.image_caption: Landsat view of Svalbard
Dependency.image_map: Norway-Svalbard.svg
Dependency.map_alt: Location of Svalbard in relation to Norway
Dependency.mapsize: 290px
Dependency.subdivision_type: Sovereign state
Dependency.subdivision_name: Norway
Dependency.established_title: Svalbard Treaty
Dependency.established_date: 9 February 1920
Dependency.established_title2: Svalbard Act
Dependency.established_date2: 17 July 1925
Dependency.capital_type: Administrative centre
Dependency.capital: Longyearbyen
Dependency.largest_settlement_type: largest town
Dependency.largest_settlement: capital
Dependency.ethnic_groups: 61.1% Norwegian38.9% other

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

1,865 papers

Interannual site fidelity by Svalbard walruses.Scientific reports · 2024Mikkelsen L, Kovacs KM, Blanchet MA et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66370-w
Health risks, emergency preparedness and Norwegian-Russian cooperation on Svalbard. A systematic review.International journal of circumpolar health · 2022Austin Wæhler T, Ingebrigtsen TDOI: 10.1080/22423982.2022.2049055
Fjords of the western and northern regions of Svalbard harbour distinct bacterioplankton community structures.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2022Venkatachalam S, Gopinath A, Krishnan KPDOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03493-0
Sources, fate and distribution of inorganic contaminants in the Svalbard area, representative of a typical Arctic critical environment-a review.ReviewEnvironmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Rudnicka-Kępa P, Zaborska ADOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09305-6
The seasonal change of PAHs in Svalbard surface snow.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Vecchiato M, Barbante C, Barbaro E et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122864
Svalbard reindeer winter diets: Long-term dietary shifts to graminoids in response to a changing climate.Global change biology · 2022Hiltunen TA, Stien A, Väisänen M et al.DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16420
Perfluorooctanoic acid in the sediment matrices of Arctic fjords, Svalbard.Marine pollution bulletin · 2023Saritha VK, Krishnan KP, Mohan MDOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115061
RABIES IN ARCTIC FOX (VULPES LAGOPUS) AND REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS) DURING AN OUTBREAK ON SVALBARD, NORWAY, 2011-12.Journal of wildlife diseases · 2022Ørpetveit I, Reiten MR, Benestad SL et al.DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00112

via PubMed

Official website

Sysselmesteren på Svalbard

Informasjon om Svalbard, Sysselmesteren, reiseliv og beredskap, svalbardloven, svalbardmiljøloven og annet regelverk på Svalbard.

sysselmesteren.no →

Link to the official site · 3,358 chars · not written by Vinony

Wikidata facts

Demonym: svalbardianar
Population: 2668
Area: 61022
Elevation: 1713
Official website: www.sysselmesteren.no
Image: Svalbard (MODIS).jpg
Perimeter: 3587

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Commons category: Svalbard
Commons gallery: Svalbard
P12749: Indonesia Raya

Sources (11)

via Wikidata · CC0

~44 min read

Article

29 sections

Contents

Etymology
Geography
History
Dutch discovery
17th–18th centuries
19th century
20th century
Svalbard Treaty
Second World War
Post-war
Population
Demographics
Settlements
Religion
Politics
Defense
Economy
Science and research
Transport
Climate
Nature
Education
Sports
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Sources
External links

Svalbard ( , , ), formerly Spitsbergen or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago that lies at the convergence of the Arctic Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it lies about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. The largest island is Spitsbergen (37,673 km2), followed in size by Nordaustlandet (14,443 km2), (5,073 km2), and Barentsøya (1,288 km2). Bjørnøya or Bear Island (178 km2) is the most southerly island in the territory, situated some 147 km south of Spitsbergen. Other small islands in the group include Hopen to the southeast of Edgeøya, Kongsøya and Svenskøya in the east, and Kvitøya to the northeast. The largest settlement is Longyearbyen, situated in Isfjorden on the west coast of Spitsbergen.

Whalers who sailed far north in the 17th and 18th centuries used the islands as a base; subsequently, the archipelago was abandoned. Coal mining started at the beginning of the 20th century, and several permanent communities such as Pyramiden and Barentsburg were established. The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty, and the Norwegian Svalbard Act of 1925 made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. The Svalbard Treaty established Svalbard as a free economic zone and restricts the military use of the archipelago. The Norwegian Store Norske and the Russian remain the only mining companies in place.