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Thomas Cromwell

English statesman and politician (1485–1540)

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Key facts

Monarch: Henry VIII
Preceded by: John de Vere
Succeeded by: Robert Radcliffe
Born: c. 1485 ( 1485 ) , Putney , Kingdom of England
Died: 28 July 1540 (1540-07-28) (aged 54–55), Tower Hill , London, Kingdom of England
Cause of death: Execution by beheading
Resting place: Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula , Tower of London, London, United Kingdom, 51°30′31″N 0°04′37″W / 51.508611°N 0.076944°W / 51.508611; -0.076944
Spouse: Elizabeth Wyckes
Children: Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell , Anne Cromwell, Grace Cromwell, Jane Cromwell (ill.)
Relatives: Cromwell family

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Article

Thomas Cromwell (/ˈkrɒmwəl, -wɛl/; c. 1485 – 28 July 1540) was an English statesman and lawyer who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII from 1534 until mid-1540, at which time he was beheaded on Henry's orders, a loss the King would later regret.

Cromwell was one of the most powerful proponents of the English Reformation. As the King's chief secretary, he instituted new administrative procedures that transformed the workings of government. He helped to engineer an annulment of the King's marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that Henry could lawfully marry Anne Boleyn. Henry had failed to obtain the approval of Pope Clement VII for the annulment in 1533, so Parliament endorsed the King's claim to be Supreme Head of the Church of England — thus giving him the authority to annul his own marriage. Cromwell subsequently charted an evangelical and reformist course for the new Church of England from his unique posts of Vicegerent in Spirituals and Vicar-general (the two titles refer to the same position).