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Ursidae
Also known as bear family, ursid, ursids, bear
Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae (). They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, and Eurasia. Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, small rounded ears, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails.
AI overview
Ursidae is the family of mammals that includes bears, which are large carnivores related to dogs and found across much of the Northern Hemisphere and parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Though only eight species of bears exist today, they are significant animals that inhabit diverse environments across North America, South America, and Eurasia, sharing distinctive features like stocky builds, long snouts, and five-clawed paws.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
bears
Ursidae
FAMILY
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumChordata
- ClassMammalia
- OrderCarnivora
- FamilyUrsidae
Habitatmarine
Observations recorded229,296
「熊」重定向至此。關於与此名称相似的其他条目，詳見「熊 (消歧义)」。 熊即熊科（学名：Ursidae）动物的通称，是一种大型哺乳類，属于食肉目。该科共有六属八种，广泛分布于北半球和南半球的一部分地區。 常见的特征是身躯庞大、四肢粗壮有力、长鼻子、厚毛发、短尾、跖行足、每只脚爪上有五个弯曲锋利不能回缩的爪子（对比猫科动物的爪子是可以回缩的）。北极熊基本是食肉动物，大熊猫以竹子等植物为主食，但偶尔也会食肉，其他的熊都是杂食动物。 除去母亲带小熊的情况，一般是独自行动。昼出夜伏，不过也会在夜晚或黎明活动，特别是在人类附近的时候。嗅觉极其灵敏，看似笨拙，实际奔跑速度极快，时速可达40km/h，耐力超群，而且可以适应各种气候和地形。秋天時，熊吃了发酵的果子会表现出醉态[1]。熊需要一个掩蔽所，如一个山洞或树洞，以供冬季在其中冬眠，冬眠有时会长达100天[2]。 史前人类就有捕猎熊的历史，为了获取它们的肉和毛皮。它们的形象经常出现在神话传说、文学、艺术中。但在现代社会，因为栖息地减少和非法的熊制品贸易，熊面临着灭绝的压力。有六种熊处于危险至濒危级别，棕熊在有些地区已经灭绝。 目录 1 特徵 2 演化 3 分類 4 文化 4.1 以熊為主角的影視作品 5 參考文獻 6 外部連接 特徵 常見的特徵有短尾、極佳的嗅覺和聽覺、五個無法收縮的爪，以及長、密、粗的毛。刚出生时，它的大小与天竺鼠差不多，至少要与母親生活一年。 熊有強壯的四肢，可以站立，但是它们大部分时间还是用四足爬行。熊的嗅觉十分灵敏，视力比较差。牠們的牙齒是用來防禦和當作工具。牠們的爪子可以用來撕扯、挖掘和抓取獵物。 寒冷地区的熊在冬天時會冬眠[3][4]，冬眠时新陈代谢和体温全部下降、心跳可减少到每分钟九次。冬眠的熊一般很难苏醒，因此也不会进食或排泄，而是依靠积蓄的脂肪度过严寒冬季[5]。 雖然熊屬於食肉目，但牠們是雜食性的，食物包括小动物、水果、坚果、蜂蜜等。部份品種甚至以植物為主食，例如大熊貓和眼鏡熊。有些熊会袭击人。 熊的平均壽命是25到40年。 北極熊是最大型的熊，是現存陸地上最大的食肉動物。馬來熊（太陽熊）是最小型的，比人的平均體重還小一點。 演化 熊科是熊總科下的一科，與鰭足類、犬科和鼬總科有較近的親緣關係[6]。現代的熊科下共有貓熊亞科、眼鏡熊亞科和熊亞科三個亞科，下含六屬八种熊。核型研究顯示其實這八种裏面有六种的染色體都是74條，大熊貓則有42條，眼鏡熊有52條。後兩者曾被劃分到浣熊科下，但最終因爲發現其染色体带型與其他六种熊科生物相同而被划入熊科。[7] 分類 本科归类于犬型亚目熊型下目熊总科，现存进化关系最近的物种有鳍足类（海狮、海豹、海象）和犬科。 熊科 棕熊 北極熊 亞洲黑熊 美洲黑熊 馬來熊 懶熊 眼鏡熊 大貓熊 其内部分类如下： 熊科 Ursidae 貓熊亞科 Ailuropodin
~38 min read
Article
28 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Evolution
- Fossil history
- External phylogeny
- Internal phylogeny
- Taxonomy
- Physical characteristics
- Size
- Morphology
- Distribution and habitat
- Behavior and ecology
- Feeding
- Communication
- Reproduction and development{{anchor|Breeding}}
- Hibernation{{anchor|Winter_dormancy}}
- Mortality
- Relationship with humans
- Conservation
- Attacks
- Entertainment, hunting, food and folk medicine
- Cultural depictions
- Organizations
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae (). They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, and Eurasia. Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, small rounded ears, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails.
While the polar bear is mostly carnivorous, and the giant panda is mostly herbivorous, the remaining six species are omnivorous with varying diets. With the exception of courting individuals and mothers with their young, bears are typically solitary animals. They may be diurnal or nocturnal, and they have an excellent sense of smell. Despite their heavy build and awkward gait, they are adept runners, climbers, and swimmers. Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 days.