Westernizers (; , ) were a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government. In their view, Western ideas such as industrialisation needed to be implemented throughout Russia to make it a more successful country. The Russian term was ' (, "westernism"), and its adherents were known as the ' (, "westernists").
Westernizers (; , ) were a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government. In their view, Western ideas such as industrialisation needed to be implemented throughout Russia to make it a more successful country. The Russian term was ' (, "westernism"), and its adherents were known as the ' (, "westernists").
In some contexts of Russian history, '' can be contrasted with Slavophilia, whose proponents argued that Russia should develop its own unique identity and culture, based on its Slavic heritage.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).