Xinjiang
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Key facts
- Settlement.name
- Xinjiang
- Settlement.official_name
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Settlement.settlement_type
- Autonomous region
- Settlement.translit_lang1
- Name
- Settlement.translit_lang1_info
- ()
- Settlement.translit_lang1_info2
- XJ / ()
- Settlement.image_map
- Xinjiang in China (de facto) (+all claims hatched).svg
- Settlement.map_caption
- Location of Xinjiang within China
- Settlement.subdivision_type
- Country
- Settlement.subdivision_name
- China
- Settlement.seat_type
- Capitaland largest city
- Settlement.seat
- Ürümqi
Article
48 sectionsContents
- Names
- Description
- History
- Early history
- {{anchor|Islamification of Xinjiang}}Islamization
- Mongol period
- Qing dynasty
- Yettishar
- Republic of China
- Soviet partial occupation
- People's Republic of China
- Administrative divisions
- Geography and geology
- Mountain systems and basins
- Mountain passes
- Geology
- Center of the continent
- Rivers and lakes
- Deserts
- Major cities
- Climate
- Time
- Politics
- Structure
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
- Poverty alleviation programs
- Human rights abuses
- East Turkestan independence movement
- Economy
- Agriculture and fishing
- Mining and minerals
- Foreign trade
- Economic and Technological Development Zones
- Culture
- Media
- Demographics
- Religion
- Sports
- Transportation
- Roads
- Rail
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Citations
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. The largest province-level division of China by area and the 8th-largest country subdivision in the world, Xinjiang spans over and has about 25 million inhabitants. Xinjiang borders the countries of Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun, and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. The Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract regions are claimed by India but administered by China. Xinjiang also borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The best-known route of the historic Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border.
High mountain ranges divide Xinjiang into the Dzungarian Basin (Dzungaria) in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south. Only about 9.7% of Xinjiang's land area is fit for human habitation. It is home to a number of ethnic groups, including the Han Chinese, Hui, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Mongols, Russians, Sibe, Tajiks (Pamiris), Tibetans, and Uyghurs. There are more than a dozen autonomous prefectures and counties for minorities in Xinjiang. Many older English-language reference works call the area Chinese Turkestan, Chinese Turkistan, East Turkestan or East Turkistan.