Zitkala-Sa
Sign in to saveZitkala-Ša, also Zitkála-Šá (Lakota: , meaning Red Bird; February 22, 1876 – January 26, 1938), was a Yankton Dakota writer, editor, translator, musician, educator, and political activist. She was also known by her anglicized and married name, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. She wrote several works chronicling her struggles with cultural identity, and the pull between the majority culture in which she was educated, and the Dakota culture into which she was born and raised. Her later books were among the first works to bring traditional Native American stories to a widespread white English-speaking re
Person · Open Library
- Born
- 1876
- Died
- 1938
- Works
- 25
Top works
- Oklahoma's poor rich Indians
- American Women's Literature
- American Indian Stories
- American Indian Stories Fantasy Annotated Novel
- Cuentos y Leyendas de los Indios Sioux
via Open Library + Wikidata
Listeners · Last.fm
- Listeners
- 14
- Total plays
- 62
Zitkala-Ša (1876–1938) (Dakota: pronounced zitkála-ša, which translates to "Red Bird"), also known by the missionary-given name Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, was a Sioux writer, editor, musician, teacher and political activist. She wrote several works chronicling her struggles in her youth as she was pulled back and forth between the influences of dominant American culture and her own Native American heritage, as well as books in English that brought <a href="https://www.last.fm/music/Zitkala-sa">Rea
Recent publications · Crossref
5 total works indexed
- Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC
· 2012 · cited 6,587x
- Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
· 2017 · cited 6,068x
- Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
· 2016 · cited 5,633x
- Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
· 2016 · cited 5,030x
- The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial Validity and Internal Consistency Findings From Three Multisite Studies With Adolescents and Adults
· 2011 · cited 4,407x
via Crossref · CC0
Key facts
- Officeholder.known_for
- Co-composed the first American Indian opera, founded the National Council of American Indians, authored books and magazine articles such as Sun Dance Opera, Old Indian Legends, American Indian Stories, and "Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians"
- Officeholder.mother
- Thaté Iyóhiwiŋ ("Every Wind" or "Reaches for the Wind"), also called Ellen Simmons
- Officeholder.children
- Raymond Ohiya Bonnin
- Officeholder.signature
- Gertrude Bonnin Signature.png
- Officeholder.name
- Zitkala-Ša
- Officeholder.native_name_lang
- Lakota
- Officeholder.image
- Zitkala-Ša.tif
- Officeholder.alt
- Sepia toned image of bust Native American woman looking straight into the camera.
- Officeholder.caption
- Zitkala-Ša in 1898, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
- Officeholder.birth_place
- Yankton Indian Reservation, Dakota Territory
- Officeholder.death_place
Key dates
- Born
- 22 February 1876
- Died
- 28 January 1938
via Wikidata · CC0
Wikidata facts
- Instance of
- human
- Given name
- Gertrude
- Gender
- female
- Citizenship
- United States
- Place of birth
- Yankton Indian Reservation
- Place of death
- Washington, D.C.
- Occupation
- teacher
- Position held
- president
- Educated at
- Earlham College
Article
17 sectionsContents
- Early life and education
- Music and teaching
- Marriage and family
- Writing career
- ''American Indian Stories''
- ''Old Indian Legends''
- "Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians"
- Articles for ''American Indian Magazine''
- Making an opera
- Political activism
- Death and legacy
- Writings by Zitkala-Ša
- Scores
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
Zitkala-Ša, also Zitkála-Šá (Lakota: , meaning Red Bird; February 22, 1876 – January 26, 1938), was a Yankton Dakota writer, editor, translator, musician, educator, and political activist. She was also known by her anglicized and married name, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. She wrote several works chronicling her struggles with cultural identity, and the pull between the majority culture in which she was educated, and the Dakota culture into which she was born and raised. Her later books were among the first works to bring traditional Native American stories to a widespread white English-speaking readership.
She was co-founder of the National Council of American Indians in 1926, which was established to lobby for Native people's right to United States citizenship and other civil rights they had long been denied. Zitkala-Ša served as the council's president until her death in 1938. Zitkala-Ša has been noted as one of the most influential Native American activists of the 20th century. Working with American musician William F. Hanson, Zitkala-Ša wrote the libretto and songs for The Sun Dance Opera (1913), the first American Indian opera. It was composed in romantic musical style, and based on Sioux and Ute cultural themes.
Gallery (14)
Connections
Categories
1876 births1938 deaths19th-century American educators19th-century American essayists19th-century American women educators19th-century American women musicians19th-century American women writers19th-century Native American women20th-century American essayists20th-century American women writers20th-century Native American women20th-century Native American writers