1831 births

Scottish physicist (1831–1879)

James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September that year after being shot in July. A preacher, lawyer, and Civil War general, Garfield served nine terms in the United States House of Representatives and is the only sitting member of the House to be elected president. Before he ran for president, the Ohio General Assembly had elected him to the U.S. Senate, a position he declined upon becoming president-elect.

as King of Prussia German Emperor (1831–1888)

German mathematician (1831–1916)

Russian occult writer (1831-1891)

Russian writer (1831–1895)

Shah of Qajar Iran from 1848 to 1896

American pharmacist, inventor of Coca-Cola (1831-1888)

German Chancellor and Prussian General of the Infantry and Prime Minister (1831-1899)

Emperor of Japan from 1846 to 1867

The ninth emperor (and the seventh after defeating Ming) of the Qing Dynasty (1831-1861)

German Catholic priest (1831–1912)

German writer (1831–1910)

United States Army general (1831-1888)

Austrian geologist (1831-1914)

French dramatist (1831-1908)

American paleontologist (1831–1899)

Ukrainian-Russian realist painter and early symbolist (1831–1894)

First Lady of the United States from 1877 to 1881

British traveler, writer, photographer and naturalist (1831–1904)

Indian social reformer (1831-1897)

Hungarian violinist, composer, and teacher (1831–1907)

German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist (1831–1888)

King of Joseon Dynasty in Korean history (1831-1864)

Italian neurologist, physiologist, and anthropologist (1831-1910)

British educator and writer (1831-1915)

Swiss artist (1831-1910)

Norwegian painter (1831–1892)

Scottish mathematical physicist (1831–1901)

American children's writer (1831-1905)

son of Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna

Russian teacher, father of Vladimir Lenin (1831-1886)

engineer and businessman from the United States (1831-1897)

President of Argentina (1831-1914)

Princess of the Empire of Brazil

German-Austrian inventor and automobile pioneer

British Viceroy of India, diplomat and author (1831–1891)

Italian writer, journalist and patriot (1831-1861)

Russian philosopher (1831-1891)

Russian astronomer

English novelist, journalist, traveller and egyptologist (1831–1892)

Belgian painter, sculptor (1831–1905)

Austrian noblewoman (1831 - 1903)

Patron of Tchaikovsky (1831-1894)

English sportsman (1831-1924)

German financier and philanthropist (1831–1896)

Slovene writer, political activist, playwright and critic (1831-1887)

Wife of Miguel I of Portugal (1831–1909)

Dutch painter (1831–1915)

Swedish businessman, humanitarian (1831–1888)

Polish painter (1831-1901)

German prince (1831-1893)

Mexican politician (1832-1867)

Monarch of Anhalt (1831-1904)

German feminist, writer, and opinion journalist (1831–1919)

Romanian painter (1831-1891)

Subh-i-Azal (1831–1912, born Mīrzā Yahyā Nūrī) was an Iranian religious leader and writer who was the second head of the Bābī movement after the execution of the Báb, its founder, in 1850. The Báb named Subh-i-Azal leader of the movement after being the Báb's chief deputy shortly before the execution, and became a generally-acknowledged head of the community after their expulsion to Baghdad in 1852.

German geographer, explorer, author and adventurer (1831–1896)

Prime Minister of Serbia (1831-1899)

Spanish general and politician (1831-1900)