Building engineering

Stairs are a structure designed to bridge a large vertical distance between lower and higher levels by dividing it into smaller vertical distances. This is achieved as a diagonal series of horizontal platforms called steps which enable passage to the other level by stepping from one to another step in turn. Steps are very typically rectangular, but may instead be straight, curved, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.

research, discovery and design of physical materials (especially solids)

thumb|An unfinished basement used for storage and exercise thumb|Chillon Castle (Château de Chillon) basement thumb|A former Stasi basement hallway

thumb|Carlo Maderno's monumental façade of [[St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City]] thumb|The façade of the Panthéon in Paris illuminated at night on 27 May 2015 for the admittance of [[Germaine Tillion, Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, Pierre Brossolette and Jean Zay to the mausoleum.]] A façade or facade (; ) is the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French (), which means "frontage" or "face".

methods of calculating displacements, stresses, and strains in deformable bodies

device that transfers thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer

thumb|Visigoths|Visigothic crypt of Saint Antoninus [[Palencia Cathedral in Spain]] thumb|A crypt in Wola Gułowska in [[Lublin Province, Poland]] A crypt () is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church, above ground within a cemetery’s mausoleum or a free-standing outdoor memorial tomb. It typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics and sometimes cremation urns.

building automation for a home

building technique, construction method using heavy squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers

device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream

ratio between the useful energy output and the input of a machine

application of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction

architecture designed to minimize environmental and resource impact

approaches to design, construction and management of built assets

technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort

science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a building

professional discipline dealing with the designing, planning, construction and management of infrastructures

thumb|Animation depicting construction of multi-story building using aluminum handset formwork. thumb|Modular steel frame formwork for a foundation. Rebar has been stubbed up out of the concrete slab to form the base of future [[columns]] thumb|upright|Timber formwork for a concrete column. Adjustable metal screw jacks both stabilize and plumb the form thumb|Aluminum formwork system thumb|Sketch of the side view of traditional timber formwork used to form a flight of stairs thumb|Placing a wall form. A matching form will be placed on the opposite side to create the space to pour concrete into

space defined by the vertical piers, in a building

thumb|right|Decorative Tudor brick chimneys, Hampton Court Palace, UK thumb|right|One of the buildings of the University of Jyväskylä, from [[Jyväskylä (Finland)]] thumb|right|Courtyard 2, Yemen right|thumb|Polychromatic and indented brickwork in a Mid-Victorian terrace in West London Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar. Typically, rows of bricks called courses are laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall.

thumb|House demolition in Victoria, Australia thumb|right|Demolition of a house in Greenville, North Carolina, USA thumb|A partially demolished house in Qormi, [[Malta]] thumb|right|Demolition of the cooling towers of the [[Athlone Power Station in Athlone, Cape Town, South Africa]] thumb|right|A house under demolition in Argos, Peloponnese|Argos, Greece. Demolition (also known as razing and wrecking) is the science and engineering in safely and efficiently tearing down buildings and other artificial structures. Demolition contrasts with deconstruction, which involves taking a building apart w

visitor attraction in Cornwall in the United Kingdom

professional in the field of project management

any measure to prevent or limit damage from fire

outer non-structural walls of a building

heavy equipment

at train station platforms, a door that separates the platform from the train, due to architectural constraints, climate control, and/or for safety

thumb|Common rafters without collar beams form most of this roof. There is not always a ridge board or beam where the rafter tops meet. Under the midsections of the rafters are purlins which support the common rafters and are supported by principal rafters. This roof ends in an octagonal hip. thumb|A double roof (using a Norman truss), common rafters supported by principal rafters (top chords in this case) and an unusual extra layer of common rafters on the lower half to form a gallerie. Note how the rafter poles for the gallerie tie-in. The Bequet-Ribault House was built c. 1793 near Ste. Gen

builders' rite regarding the last beam of a structure being placed during construction - sometimes the beam is signed by the workers

230px|thumb|Taipei 101 has achieved LEED Platinum certification several times.

construction element consisting of at least two glass plates for windows and other glazing

area or component of an object which has higher thermal conductivity than the surrounding materials

computation of deformations, deflections, and internal forces or stresses within structures

phenomenon exposing movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy

simple dwelling constructed of logs

profession, construction site manager

Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture; undressed especially as a filling-in. Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as 'brash' (compare cornbrash). Where present, it becomes more noticeable when the land is ploughed or worked.

thumb|The superstructure of this cargo ship is at the back and includes a Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboat. right|thumb|The cruiseferry Mega Smeralda. The blue and white part of the ship is the superstructure and the yellow part of the ship is the hull.

satisfaction with the thermal environment

prefabricated building or house that consists of repeated sections

thumb|upright=1.3|In the early 1920s, the Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank tore down its head office, the in [[Prague, and had it rebuilt behind the preserved façade on a design by architect Josef Gočár, visible in the background]]

building technique using woven wooden supports packed with clay or mud

engineering event in which the structural integrity of a construction is compromised by failure of components of the structure

forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components

lightweight constructions using shell elements

long ridges of earth, rocks, or gravel primarily constructed to carry a roadway, railway or canal; if built to retain water, use "levees" or "dikes."

thumb|A view of a roof using common purlin framing. The purlins are marked in red. This view is from the inside of the building, below the roof. The rafters are the beams of wood angled upward from the ground. They meet at the top of the gable at a ridge beam (also ridge purlin or roof-tree), which has extra bracing to attach it to the rafters. The purlins are the large beams perpendicular to the rafters; from this shot, it appears that there are three purlins on either side of the roof. The sheathing boards are sometimes called the roof deck and are painted white. A purlin (or historically pu

substance with high latent heat of melting or solidifying

building constructed using prefabricated parts

thumbnail|upright=1.35|A single floor or simple set of joists. If the joists land directly above the Wall stud|studs they are stacked. A joist is a horizontal structural member used in framing to span an open space, often between beams that subsequently transfer loads to vertical members. When incorporated into a floor framing system, joists serve to provide stiffness to the subfloor sheathing, allowing it to function as a horizontal diaphragm. Joists are often doubled or tripled, placed side by side, where conditions warrant, such as where wall partitions require support.

bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached

vertical framing member in a building's wall of smaller cross section than a post

passive solar building

piece that fits or connects pipes and tubes; used in pipe systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, adapt to different sizes or shapes and for other purposes

ventilation using solar energy

profession in the building trade

building where construction work was abandoned, is not yet finished, or which only exists as a design

junction where building elements meet without applying loads to one another

application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water

construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold