Crystals

thumb|upright=1.25|Main diamond producing countries

thumb|upright=1.25|Crystals of amethyst [[quartz]] thumb|upright=1.25|Microscopically, a single crystal has atoms in a near-perfect periodic arrangement; a polycrystal is composed of many microscopic crystals (called "[[crystallites" or "grains"); and an amorphous solid (such as glass) has no periodic arrangement even microscopically.]]

thumb|upright=1.25|Main sapphire-producing countries

unique arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid

chemical compound

confection composed of relatively large sugar crystals

diamond produced in an artificial process, as opposed to natural diamonds, which are created by geological processes

material in which the crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries

chemical compound

thumb|Internals of a pyroelectric sensor Pyroelectricity (from Greek: pyr (πυρ), "fire" and electricity) is a property of certain crystals which are naturally electrically polarized and as a result contain large electric fields. Pyroelectricity can be described as the ability of certain materials to generate a temporary voltage when they are heated or cooled. The change in temperature modifies the positions of the atoms slightly within the crystal structure, so that the polarization of the material changes. This polarization change gives rise to a voltage across the crystal. If the temperature

rose-like formations of crystal clusters of gypsum or baryte which include abundant sand grains

cave in Mexico

method of crystal growth

material

Pseudoscientific alternative medicine technique that employs stones and crystals.

chemical compound

dendritic crystal growth in a typical multi-branching tree-like form

thumb|upright=1.5|Polycrystalline structures composed of crystallites. Clockwise from top left:a) malleable ironb) [[electrical steel without coatingc) solar cells made of multicrystalline silicond) galvanized surface of zince) micrograph of acid etched metal highlighting grain boundaries]]

physical dimensions of unit cells in a crystal

crystalline ionic compound

chemical compound

Crystallinity refers to the degree of structural order in a solid. In a crystal, the atoms or molecules are arranged in a regular, periodic manner. The degree of crystallinity has a large influence on hardness, density, transparency and diffusion. In an ideal gas, the relative positions of the atoms or molecules are completely random. Amorphous materials, such as liquids and glasses, represent an intermediate case, having order over short distances (a few atomic or molecular spacings) but not over longer distances.

high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon

chemical compound

beryl var.

after a first nucleation, second step of crystallization consisting in the regular accretion of atoms or ions at the surface of the crystal

chemical compound

Purification process by moving a molten zone along a metal bar

monocrystalline silicon allotrope with diamond structure (Si-I)

crystal whose faces are easily distinguishable

rules to predict ionic compounds' crystal structures

A dopant (also called a doping agent) is a small amount of a substance added to a material to alter its physical properties, such as electrical or optical properties. The amount of dopant is typically very low compared to the material being doped.

Cryptocrystalline is a rock texture made up of such minute crystals that its crystalline nature is only vaguely revealed even microscopically in thin section by transmitted polarized light. Among the sedimentary rocks, chert and flint are cryptocrystalline. Carbonado, a form of diamond, is also cryptocrystalline. Volcanic rocks, especially of the felsic type such as felsites and rhyolites, may have a cryptocrystalline groundmass as distinguished from pure obsidian (felsic) or tachylyte (mafic), which are natural rock glasses. Agate and onyx are examples of cryptocrystalline silica (chalcedony)

chemical compound

Method of crystallization

small piece of a single crystal used to initiate growth of a larger crystal

synthetic ingot of crystal

manufacturing process of synthetic gemstones

Dimensionless quantity in spectroscopy

chemical compound

Islamic artifacts and architecture from the Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171)

thumb | right | alt=A image of a rock with Lomonisovite and bornemanite | Image of Lomonisovite(beige) and bornemanite(white) Lomonosovite is a phosphate–silicate mineral with the idealized formula Na10Ti4(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O4 early Na5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2 or Na2Ti2Si2O9·Na3PO4.

non-classical state of matter

LONGi Green Energy Technology Co. Ltd. () or LONGi Group (), formerly '''Xi'an Longi Silicon Materials Corporation''', is a Chinese photovoltaics company, a major manufacturer of solar modules and a developer of solar power projects.

crystal formed without imperfections

transistor type used in the flat-panel display industry

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

a synthetic crystalline material

class of toxins in Bacillus species that lyse midgut epithelial cells in the target insect by forming lytic pores on the apical membrane

chemical compound

crystal that has been artificially coated with gold fumes

diamond-like object which is not a diamond

crystal growth technique

Nd:YAB (Yttrium aluminum borate, YAl3(BO3)4, hereafter referred to as YAB), is a type of frequency-doubling crystal with applications to visible laser technology. Nd:YAB most often appears as a deep purple to pink crystal, similar to amethyst.

an ordered array of colloid particles, analogous to a standard crystal whose repeating subunits are atoms or molecules