Decolonization

thumb|upright=1.0|The Thirteen Colonies|Thirteen British Colonies on the east coast of North America issued a Declaration of Independence in 1776 thumb|upright=1.0| Chile, one of several Spanish Empire|Spanish territories in South America, issued a Declaration of independence in 1818 thumb|upright=1.0|Pedro I of Brazil|Prince Pedro surrounded by a crowd in [[São Paulo after breaking the news of Brazil's independence on 7 September 1822.]] thumb|upright=1.0|The Senate of Finland|Finnish Senate of 1917, Prime Minister [[P. E. Svinhufvud in the head of table. The Senate declared Finland independe

thumb|250px|Detail of the Cantigas de Santa Maria|Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and [[Almanzor]] The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ) or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military campaigns by northern Iberian Christian polities against Muslim-ruled al-Andalus, which had previously been part of the Visigothic Kingdom before the Muslim Conquest of 711. The Reconquista concluded in 1492 with the capture of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, thereby ending the presence of

Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage.

Decolonization is the ending of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas. The meanings and applications of the term are disputed. Some scholars of decolonization focus especially on independence movements in the colonies and the collapse of global colonial empires.

Indian national movement seeking to end British rule (1857–1947)

1974 revolution in Portugal

Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 to 1980 (1909-2004)

uprising against the ruling Ottoman Turks during World War I

Southern African philosophy

changes to land ownership

political territorial entity

1950s–70s independence of African colonies from Western European powers

The '''South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO ; , SWAVO; , SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia''', is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

revolution in Zanzibar in 1964

Territories under League of Nations Mandate, excluding Palestine and SW Africa, were transferred into UN trusteeships. Validity of existing rights of populations acquired by mandates, including the rights of Jews to settle in Palestine, is preserved

1948–1960 conflict in British Malaya

political catchphrase referring to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea

referendum

thumb|Che Guevara, after whom Guevarism is named.

Bougainville's referendum for independence from Papua New Guinea

UN document listing places that are not self-governing and subject to decolonization

transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China

organization

United Nations General Assembly resolution adopted in 1960

transfer of sovereignty over Macau from Portugal to China

political party in Cambodia

conflict occurring over a territory that has declared independence

process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule

right|thumb|200px|A Pan-Celtic Flag of two interlaced Triskelion, designed by Breton Robert Berthelier in 1950. Pan-Celticism (, Scottish Gaelic: Pan-Cheilteachas, Breton: Pan-Keltaidd, Welsh: Pan-Geltaidd, Cornish: Pan-Keltaidh, Manx: Pan-Cheltaghys), also known as Celticism or Celtic nationalism, is a political, social and cultural movement advocating solidarity and cooperation between Celtic nations (both the Brythonic and Gaelic branches) and the modern Celts in Northwestern Europe. Some pan-Celtic organisations advocate the Celtic nations seceding from the United Kingdom and France and fo

U.N. General Assembly special committee

Africanization or Africanisation (lit., making something African) has been applied in various contexts, notably in geographic and personal naming and in the composition of the civil service via processes such as indigenization.

fitness club and anti-British underground revolutionary organization

1864 multilateral treaty

process of undoing colonial legacies in knowledge

1978 United Nations treaty

unrecognized state

britain's declaration of Egyptian independence

violent factions of the Indian independence movement

official state ideology initiated in the former Republic of Zaire (current Democratic Republic of the Congo) by Mobutu Sese Seko starting in 1965

Regions in Alaska not connected to major transportation networks

thumb|Installation by Romuald Hazoumè using gas cans. Hazoumè has stated: "I send back to the West that which belongs to them, that is to say, the [[refuse of consumer society that invades us every day."]]

New Zealand professor of indigenous education

organization

De-Sinicization or desinicization is a process of cultural or political movement aiming to eliminate or reduce Chinese cultural elements, identity or ethnic consciousness from a society or nation previously influenced by Chinese culture. In modern contexts, it is often contrasted with the assimilation process of Sinicization.

United Nations committee

human right

theoretical concept developed by Peruvian sociologist Anibal Quijano

mostly 20th-century independence of Asian countries from Western European powers

political ideology spread among the descendants of European colonists in Latin America, defending their rights, including independence

Indigenous studies scholar

process of divesting from colonial, hegemonic models and epistemological frameworks that guide the collection, usage, and dissemination of data related to Indigenous peoples and nations

political agreement about New Caledonia in 2025