Digital electronics

physical components of a computer

central computer component that executes instructions

electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material

A microprocessor is a computer processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). The IC is capable of interpreting and executing program instructions and performing arithmetic operations. The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock-driven, register-based, digital integrated circuit that accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored

system that transfers data between components within a computer

specialized electronic circuit; graphics accelerator

circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information

thumb|A relay thumb|Electromechanical relay principle thumb|Electromechanical relay schematic showing a control coil, four pairs of normally open and one pair of normally closed contacts thumb|An automotive-style miniature relay with the dust cover taken off

physical device used to store information for immediate use in a digital electronic device

electronic circuits representing signals by discrete bands of analog levels

thumb|CMOS inverter (a Inverter (logic gate)|NOT logic gate)

mathematical signal manipulation by computers

logic gate that outputs if both inputs are on

electrical component for processing data

Digital logic gate type

class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and resistors; transistors perform both the logic function (e.g. AND) and the amplifying function

component of a computer's CPU

encoder in digital electronics, a one-hot to binary converter

thumb|upright=1.3|A railway station display affected by a visual glitch, corrupting some of the text

logic gate

type of logic circuit

type of digital logic which is implemented by boolean circuits

series of transistor–transistor logic integrated circuits

electronic test instrument that measures multiple signals from a circuit

data storage device

Family of integrated circuits

practice of using digital or analog errors for aesthetic purposes

Converting abstract operations into digital logic systems

{| class="wikitable" border="1" align="right" |- ! Decimal !! Binary !! Unary !! One-hot |- | 0 || 000 || 00000000 || 00000001 |- | 1 || 001 || 00000001 || 00000010 |- | 2 || 010 || 00000011 || 00000100 |- | 3 || 011 || 00000111 || 00001000 |- | 4 || 100 || 00001111 || 00010000 |- | 5 || 101 || 00011111 || 00100000 |- | 6 || 110 || 00111111 || 01000000 |- | 7 || 111 || 01111111 || 10000000 |}

sequential-access refreshable memory, in which amplifier and a pulse shaper are connected between the output of the delay line and the input, creating a loop that maintains the signal

measuring device that determines the basic frequency of the alternating component of an electrical voltage

device that is used to combine several sources of interrupt onto one or more CPU lines, while allowing priority levels to be assigned to its interrupt outputs

writing firmware to an embedded device while it's installed in a system

Buffer in digital electronics

elementary data-storing circuit within an electronically addressed computer memory/storage device

computer technique

array of processor registers in a central processing unit; usually implemented by fast static RAMs with multiple ports

product design characteristic reflecting its ease of manufacture, maintenance or (and) repair

buck converter that provides a microprocessor with the appropriate supply voltage

thumb|upright=1.4|A graph of the potential energy of a bistable system; it has two local minima x_1 and x_2. A surface shaped like this with two "low points" can act as a bistable system; a ball resting on the surface can only be stable at those two positions, such as balls marked "1" and "2". Between the two is a local maximum x_3. A ball located at this point, ball 3, is in equilibrium but unstable; the slightest disturbance will cause it to move to one of the stable points. thumb|upright=0.8|Light switch, a bistable mechanism

method of computer bus operation that transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal

form of serial communication lacking synchronization control signals

in electronics, a transition of a digital signal from low to high or high to low

model of computing

A data path is a collection of functional units such as arithmetic logic units (ALUs) or multipliers that perform data processing operations, registers, and buses. Along with the control unit it composes the central processing unit (CPU). A larger data path can be made by joining multiple data paths using multiplexers.

undesirable effect in digital logic

SIMATIC is a series of programmable logic controller and automation systems, developed by Siemens. Introduced in 1958, the series has gone through four major generations, the latest being the SIMATIC S7 generation. The series is intended for industrial automation and production.

any 0 digit that comes before the first nonzero digit in a number string in positional notation

computer architecture that can be reprogrammed

type of packaging for electronics and static-sensitive devices

one of a finite number of states that a signal can have

An antifuse is an electrical device that performs the opposite function to a fuse. Whereas a fuse starts with a low resistance and is designed to permanently break or open an electrically conductive path (typically when the current through the path exceeds a specified limit), an antifuse starts with a high resistance—an open circuit—and programming it converts it into a permanent electrically conductive path (typically when the voltage across the antifuse exceeds a certain level). This technology has many applications. Antifuses are best known for their use in mini-light (or miniature) style l

digital signal generator creating a synchronous (clocked), discrete-time, discrete-valued representation of a waveform, usually sinusoidal

Handheld electronic test equipment

List of integrated circuits belonging to the 74xx family.

electronic circuit tools and techniques that ensure electrical signals are of sufficient quality

ModelSim is a multi-language environment by Siemens (previously developed by Mentor Graphics,) for simulation of hardware description languages such as VHDL, Verilog and SystemC, and includes a built-in C debugger. ModelSim can be used independently, or in conjunction with Intel Quartus Prime, PSIM, Xilinx ISE or Xilinx Vivado. Simulation is performed using the graphical user interface (GUI), or automatically using scripts.

change of state caused by one single ionizing particle (ion, electron, photon...) striking a sensitive node in a micro-electronic device, such as in a microprocessor, semiconductor memory, or power transistor

HCMOS ("high-speed CMOS") is the set of specifications for electrical ratings and characteristics, forming the 74HC00 family, a part of the 7400 series of integrated circuits.

communication signaling technique