Epigenetics

thumb|300px|Schematic representation of the assembly of the core histones into the nucleosome In biology, histones are highly-basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. Histones prevent DNA from becoming tangled and protect it from DNA damage. In addition, histones play important roles in gene regulation and DNA replication. Without h

thumb|Epigenetic mechanisms

thumb|Basic units of chromatin structure

Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

biological system that determines the development of organism’s sex

phenomenon that causes genes to be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner

the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine

thumb|right|The coloration of tortoiseshell cats is a visible manifestation of X-inactivation. The black and orange [[alleles of a fur coloration gene reside on the X chromosome. For any given patch of fur, the inactivation of an X chromosome that carries one allele results in the fur color of the other, active allele.]] thumb|The process and possible outcomes of random X-chromosome inactivation in female human embryonic cells undergoing [[mitosis. 1.Early stage embryonic cell of a female human 2.Maternal X chromosome 3.Paternal X chromosome 4.Mitosis and random X-chromosome inactivation e

mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

process that prevents the expression of a gene

enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from acetyl-CoA to histones

class of enzymes

thumb|The function of DNA strands (yellow) alters depending on how it is organized around histones (blue) that can be methylated (green). In biology, the epigenome of an organism is the collection of chemical changes to its DNA and histone proteins that affects when, where, and how the DNA is expressed; these changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Changes to the epigenome can result in changes to the structure of chromatin and changes to the function of the genome. The human epigenome, including DNA methylation and histone modificati

the process of development of sex differences in humans

patterns of changes made to histones

thumb|163x163px|Paramutation was first observed by the effect it had on the color of corn kernels in maize plants In epigenetics, a paramutation is an interaction between two alleles at a single locus, whereby one allele induces a heritable change in the other allele. The change may be in the pattern of DNA methylation or histone modifications. The allele inducing the change is said to be paramutagenic, while the allele that has been epigenetically altered is termed paramutable. A paramutable allele may have altered levels of gene expression, which may continue in offspring which inherit that

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

process of compacting DNA molecules

Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory

Genetic changes during culture medium in a part of a single plant, which nextly be placed in different medium to grow up its own genetical properties.

'Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A, also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (ALL-1), myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), or zinc finger protein HRX (HRX), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMT2A''''' gene.

In biology, reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. Such control is also often associated with alternative covalent modifications of histones.

Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome. The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell. Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cell's DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenomic maintenance is a continuous process and plays an important role in stability of eukaryotic genomes by taking part in crucial biological mechanisms like DNA repair. Plant flavones are said to be inhibitin

biochemical test

study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells

neural, cognitive, and behavioral effects of physical exercise

Possible causes of homosexuality

Study of epigenetics' influencing behavior

Biological gene-regulation phenomenon

Lab procedure detecting 5-methylcytosines in DNA

epigenetic regulation of transcription by physical interaction between a cis-acting element (enhancer, silencer) of one allele on one chromosome and the promoter of the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome. Transvection can lead to ei

Epigenetic transmission without DNA primary structure alteration

type of enzymes

theory that suggests that the environment of the foetus during development affects their disease risk later in life

manipulating the epigenome at the target region with little modification of the genomic DNA

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.