Immune system

group of immune effector cells

immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) refers to two highly related proteins, STAT5A and STAT5B, which are part of the seven-membered STAT family of proteins. Though STAT5A and STAT5B are encoded by separate genes, the proteins are 90% identical at the amino acid level. STAT5 proteins are involved in cytosolic signalling and in mediating the expression of specific genes. Aberrant STAT5 activity has been shown to be closely connected to a wide range of human cancers, and silencing this aberrant activity is an area of active research in medicinal chemistry.

lipid component of lipopolysaccharide endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria

Allostasis (/ˌɑːloʊˈsteɪsɪs/) is a physiological mechanism of regulation in which an organism anticipates and adjusts its energy use according to environmental demands. First proposed by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer in 1988, the concept of allostasis shifts the focus away from the body maintaining a rigid internal set-point, as in homeostasis, to the brain's ability and role to interpret environmental stress and coordinate changes in the body using neurotransmitters, hormones, and other signaling mechanisms.

mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) is a cytoplasmatic protein encoded by gene PTPN22 and a member of PEST family of protein tyrosine phosphatases. This protein is also called "PEST-domain Enriched Phosphatase" ("PEP") or "Lymphoid phosphatase" ("LYP"). The name LYP is used strictly for the human protein encoded by PTPN22, but the name PEP is used only for its mouse homolog. However, both proteins have similar biological functions and show 70% identity in amino acid sequence. PTPN22 functions as a negative regulator of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, which maintains hom

processes involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors shown to be important in immune response. One or more members of the NFAT family is expressed in most cells of the immune system. NFAT is also involved in the development of immune, cardiac, skeletal muscle, and nervous systems. NFAT was first discovered as an activator for the transcription of IL-2 in T cells (as a regulator of T cell immune response) but has since been found to play an important role in regulating many more body systems. NFAT transcription factors are involved in many normal body processes as wel

hypothesis in the treatment of metastatic cancer

B cell lymphocytes

infection defense in plants

cell type

activatory protein motif of immune receptors

TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1 (TICAM1; formerly known as TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β or TRIF) is an adapter in responding to activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs). It mediates the rather delayed cascade of two TLR-associated signaling cascades, where the other one is dependent upon a MyD88 adapter.

Organisms that do not cause disease

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

thumb|Chemical structure of partially acylated α-1,4-glucan, the main polysaccharide in AHCC. thumb|AHCC is a compound produced from Shiitake mushroom. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an alpha-glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The product is a subject of research as a potential anti-cancer agent. AHCC is a popular alternative medicine in Japan.

immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune

conserved amino acid sequence located in the intracellular domains of a family of transmembrane proteins that negatively regulate the signal transduction processes

protein family

part of the immune system

two groups of antibodies that are classified based on whether they bind to antigens or proteins directly or target another (primary) antibody that, in turn, is bound to an antigen or protein

Immune system of the human eye

adaptation of pathogens to reduce the protection of vaccines

thumb|400px|Comparison of monoblast, promonocyte and monocyte.

sex-specific cell surface antigen in mammals

instance of macromolecular complex in Homo sapiens with Reactome ID (R-HSA-8865713)

One of the serum substances which is part of the dissolution process of bacteria, the enzymes will promote the dissolution of the bacterial cell wall and cause the death of the bacteria.

antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil

an antibody which blocks the interaction of its antigen (target protein) with its interaction partners

unmethylated sequences of DNA that have immunostimulatory properties

thumb|Volumetric reconstruction from confocal slices of a Ramos-RAW cell interface. Rituximab|RTX-Al488-coated (green), PKH26-labelled Ramos cells (red) were incubated with RAW cells for 45 minutes at 37°C. RAW cells were labelled with anti-CD11b-APC (cyan). The RAW cell has extensively trogocytosed both RTX and PKH26. Inset shows the dotted area above it without the PKH26 channel overlaid, revealing the concentration of RTX-Al488 at the cell-cell interface, otherwise depleted from the rest of the Ramos cell. Trogocytosis reaction was halted by fixation 45 min after co-incubation. Ramos cells

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

thumb|Promegakaryocyte

type of cell