Indian breads

Naan () is a leavened, oven-baked or tawa-fried flatbread, that can also be baked in a tandoor. It is characterised by a light and fluffy texture and golden-brown spots from the baking process. Naan is used in many cuisines worldwide.

Chapati (alternatively spelled chapathi or chapatti; IAST: ) is an unleavened flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. Chapatis are made of whole-wheat flour known as atta, mixed into dough with water, and cooked on an iron griddle known as a tava, puffing up over direct heat. Another version, in East African cuisine, is instead fried. Chapati is a form of roti, and the two are sometimes conflated. It is a widely eaten in South Asia—even in areas where rice is the typical staple—and in most East African countries, as well as by the South Asian diaspora.

A papadam, also known as a poppadom, papadom or papadum among other transliterations, is a snack that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Dough of black gram bean flour is either deep-fried or cooked with dry heat (flipped over an open flame) until crunchy. Other flours made from lentils, chickpeas, rice, tapioca, millet or potato are also used. Papadam is typically served as an accompaniment to a meal in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Caribbean or as an appetizer, often with dips such as chutneys, or toppings like chopped onions and chili peppers.

Roti is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is commonly consumed in many South Asian, Southeast Asian, Caribbean, East African, and Southeast African countries.

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thin pancakes originating from South India

Idli (; plural: idlis) or idly is a South Indian and Sri Lankan rice cake popular as a breakfast food. The cakes are made by steaming a batter consisting of fermented hulled black lentils and rice. The fermentation process breaks down the starches so that they are more readily metabolised by the body.

Paratha (, also known by other spellings) is a flatbread from the Indian subcontinent, consisting of a wheat dough, typically whole wheat, that is folded and rolled with ghee, forming multiple layers, and shallow fried. Paratha may be stuffed with various fillings, the most common being potato. Paratha is one of the most popular flatbreads in India. The folded, whole-wheat version is prevalent in the Northern Indian subcontinent, and is distinct from South Indian parotta, which uses refined flour. Variations also exist in the cuisines of Myanmar, Mauritius, Malaysia (where it is known as roti

An appam or aappam is a type of thin pancake in South Indian cuisine. It is made with fermented rice batter and coconut milk, traditionally cooked in an appachatti, a deep pan similar in shape to a wok. It is a popular dish in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and in Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, they are typically known as hoppers. Appams are most frequently served for breakfast or dinner, often with a side dish such as a vegetable or egg curry.

a variant of South Indian food dosa

Tamil Indian flatbread dish

Bhatura (; also spelled bhatooru) is a puffed, deep-fried, sourdough leavened flatbread commonly served for breakfast. Originating in North Indian cuisine, it is also eaten in other regions. Similar to naan, it is made with maida flour and leavened using yogurt, which produces lactic acid bacteria. It puffs up when fried and has a soft, fluffy texture. It is sometimes eaten as street food or as festival food. Paired with chickpea curry, it forms a dish called chole bhature.

Kulcha is a type of flatbread made from refined wheat flour, and fermented in earthen pots and baked in a tandoor. The term kulcha derives from a Persian term for a disc-shaped loaf of leavened bread. In India, this term is commonly used for regular English disc-shaped bread.

Murtabak, or mutabbaq (, ), is a Yemeni stuffed pancake or pan-fried bread commonly found in the Arabian Peninsula, parts of the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia (especially Maritime Southeast Asia), notably in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, parts of South India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Southern Thailand. Depending on the location, the name and ingredients can vary significantly. The name mutabbaq means "folded" in Arabic.

a type of bread, consist of unleavened dough stuffed with a spiced mixture of mashed potato

sweet dish of South India

Sheermal (Persian/Urdu: , ,:, also spelled shirmal, is a saffron-flavored traditional flatbread eaten in Iran and the Indian subcontinent. The word sheermal is derived from the Persian words شیر (translit. sheer, Sanskrit kshir) meaning milk, and مالیدن (translit. malidan), meaning to rub or to knead. In a literal translation, sheermal means milk-rubbed. It was introduced to North India by the Mughal emperors during the medieval period. It became part of Lucknow, Hyderabad and Aurangabad. It is also part of Awadhi cuisine and is eaten in Bhopal and brought to Pakistan post partition.

South Indian variant of paratha

Types of flatbreads

Pitha (; also called pithe) are a variety of food similar to pancakes, dumplings or fritters, originating from India and Bangladesh. Pitha can be sweet or savoury, and usually made from a dough or batter, which is then steamed, fried or griddled. Very few varieties are oven-baked or boiled, and most are unleavened and cooked on a stovetop (or equivalent). Some versions may have a filling, garnish, or sauce. Few may be set or shaped after cooking. They are typically eaten as a snack with chai, or as treats during special occasions (similar to mithai).

An uttapam, uthappam, oothappam, uthapam, utapam or uttappam is a type of dosa from South India. Unlike a typical dosa, which is crisp and crepe-like, an uttapam is thicker, with toppings. The name is derived from the Tamil words appam and utthia or uttria, meaning "poured appam", because appam is cooked in a round-bottom pan, whereas utthia-appam is cooked on a flat skillet. Tamil ancient literature mentions it by name. The classic breakfast of Tamil residents consists of idli, dosas or uttappams mostly accompanied by sambar and chutney.

Punjabi corn flatbread

Bhakri () is a round flatbread often eaten in the cuisines of the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Karnataka in India. Bhakri is prepared using jowar or bajra, which make a coarser bread than does regular wheat chapati flour. Bhakri can be either soft or hard in texture, unlike khakhra, which is always hard.

Khakhra or khakra is a thin, crisp flatbread from western India, closely associated with Gujarati and Jain cuisines and also eaten in parts of Rajasthan. It is traditionally made by rolling a dough of whole-wheat flour (atta) with a little oil, then roasting it on a griddle (tava) while pressing until fully dry and brittle. Khakhra is commonly eaten as a light breakfast or snack, often with tea, South Asian pickle, chutneys, ghee or butter.

Bakarkhani, baqarkhani or bakorkhoni, also known as bakarkhani roti, is a thick, spiced flatbread that is part of the Mughlai cuisine. Bakarkhani is prepared on certain Muslim religious festivals in South Asia and is now popular as a sweet bread.

thumb|A stack of pathiri Pathiri () is a pancake made of rice flour. It is part of the local cuisine among the Mappilas of Malabar region in Kerala State of Southern India.

type of pancake that looks like lace originating from Johor history

Pesarattu (Telugu: పెసరట్టు; ), pesara attu, pesara dosa (mung bean dosa), or cheeldo is a crepe-like bread, originating in Andhra Pradesh, India, that is a variety of dosa. It is made with green gram batter, but, unlike a typical dosa, it does not contain Vigna mungo. Pesarattu is eaten as breakfast and as a snack in Andhra Pradesh. It is typically served with ginger chutney, peanut chutney or tamarind chutney. Green chilies, ginger and onions are used in variants.

Malay sweet flatbread

unique dish of Tulu Nadu, India

type of bread

type of bread popular in western India

Luchi is a flatbread that is deep-fried, popular in Bengali cuisine. It is made of maida flour, water, and ghee. It is similar to puri, which is made with atta rather than maida. Luchi is eaten with dishes such as aloo dum or dal. Originating from a dish called , luchi was first attested in 1660. It is commonly eaten during festivals. Variations of luchi include kachori and , and local variations exist across Bengal.

karnataka Cuisine

spongy steamed savoury rice cake

Thalipeeth or thalipith is a savoury multi-grain flatbread popular in Western India, particularly in the state of Maharashtra. The flour for thalipeeth, called bhajanee, is prepared from roasted grains, legumes and spices. The ingredients include grains such as rice, wheat, bajra, and jowar; legumes such as chana, and urad; and spices, most commonly coriander and cumin seeds. When preparing the dough, other ingredients such as onion, fresh coriander, other vegetables and spices are added. Thalipeeth is usually served with butter (preferably made from water buffalo milk), ghee, or yogurt. While

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firm rice cake made by the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India

Indian cauliflower flatbread

type of dose from Karnataka, India

Bread for the most of the North Karnataka