Perfume ingredients

The term farnesene refers to a set of six closely related chemical compounds which all are sesquiterpenes. α-Farnesene and β-farnesene are isomers, differing by the location of one double bond. α-Farnesene is 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene and β-farnesene is 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene. The alpha form can exist as four stereoisomers that differ about the geometry of two of its three internal double bonds (the stereoisomers of the third internal double bond are identical). The beta isomer exists as two stereoisomers about the geometry of its central double bond.

Nerolidol, also known as peruviol and penetrol, is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol. A colorless liquid, it is found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. There are four isomers of nerolidol', which differ in the geometry about the central double bond and configuration of the hydroxyl-bearing carbon, but most applications use such a mixture. The aroma of nerolidol is woody and reminiscent of fresh bark. It is used as a flavoring agent and in perfumery as well as in non-cosmetic products such as detergents and cleansers. Nerolidyl derivatives include nerolidyl di

glandular secretion produced by both sexes of the civet cat, for use in perfumery

thumb|right|Bdellium resin Bdellium (also bdellion or false myrrh) is a semi-transparent oleo-gum resin extracted from Commiphora wightii plants, and from Commiphora africana trees growing in sub-Saharan Africa. According to Pliny the best quality came from Bactria. Other named sources for the resin are India, Pakistan, Arabia, Media, and Babylon.

historical perfume used medicinally, of herbal origin

Rhodinol is the chemical compound 3,7-dimethyloct-7-en-1-ol. As the (3S) isomer it is CAS 6812-78-8, and as the racemate it is CAS 141-25-3.

chemical compound

a natural resinous substance obtained from the Myroxylon balsamum tree, extracted by making incisions in the tree bark and collecting the resinous sap

aqueous product of the hydrodistillation of volatile organic substances

Isovanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, an organic compound and isomer of vanillin. It is a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It is not a substrate of that enzyme, and is metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase into isovanillic acid, which could make it a candidate drug for use in alcohol aversion therapy. Isovanillin can be used as a precursor in the chemical total synthesis of morphine. The proposed metabolism of isovanillin (and vanillin) in rat has been described in literature, and is part of the WikiPathways machine readable pathway collection.

Ambroxide, widely known by the brand name Ambroxan, is a naturally occurring terpenoid and one of the key constituents responsible for the odor of ambergris. It is an autoxidation product of ambrein. Ambroxide is used in perfumery for creating ambergris notes and as a fixative. Ambroxide has a scent with woody, musky and slightly salty nuances. Another name for ambroxan is ambrocenide. Small amounts (< 0.01 ppm) are used as a flavoring in food.

Benzylacetone (IUPAC name: 4-phenylbutan-2-one) is a liquid with a sweet, flowery smell that is considered to be the most abundant attractant compound in flowers (e.g. Coyote Tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata) and one of volatile components of cocoa.

Lilial (a trade name for lily aldehyde, also known as lysmeral or lilestralis) is a chemical compound commonly used as a perfume in cosmetic preparations and laundry powders, often under the name butylphenyl methylpropional. It is an aromatic aldehyde, naturally occurring in crow-dipper and tomato plants, and produced synthetically in large scale. It was banned for use in cosmetics by the EU in March 2022 after being found to be harmful to fertility.

fragrant resin from the genus liquidambar

Galaxolide (trade name; also known as Abbalide, Pearlide, Astrolide, Musk 50, Polarlide; chemical name 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8,-hexamethyl-cyclopenta[g]benzopyran or HHCB, hexamethylindanopyran) is a synthetic musk with a clean sweet musky floral woody odor used in fragrances. It is one of the musk components that perfume and cologne manufacturers use to add a musk odor to their products. Galaxolide was first synthesized in 1956, and used in the late 1960s in some fabric softeners and detergents. High concentrations were also incorporated in fine fragrances.

Damascenones are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascenones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascones and ionones. beta-Damascenone is a major contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its very low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery. Its aroma is described as "apple, rose, honey, tobacco, sweet".

thumb|Copaifera langsdorffii in a park in São Paulo, Brazil Copaiba is an oleoresin obtained from the trunk of several pinnate-leaved South American leguminous trees (genus Copaifera). The thick, transparent exudate varies in color from light gold to dark brown, depending on the ratio of resin to essential oil. Copaiba is used in making varnishes and lacquers.

thumb|Cistus creticus, the pink rockrose, is one source of labdanum. Labdanum, also called ladanum, ladan, or ladanon, is a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrubs Cistus ladanifer ('gum rockrose', western Mediterranean) and Cistus creticus ('pink rockrose', eastern Mediterranean), species of rock rose. It was historically used in herbal medicine and is still used in the preparation of some perfumes and vermouths.

Fructone is the organic compound with the formula It is the ketal derived from the condensation of ethyl acetoacetate and ethylene glycol. Also known as apple ketal and applinal, it has a fruity, apple-like smell with pineapple, strawberry, and woody aspects reminiscent of pine trees. It is a commercial fragrance.

Calone or methylbenzodioxepinone, trade-named Calone 1951, is an organic compound with the formula . A white solid, it is a derivative of 4-methylcatechol. In the fragrance industry it is known as "watermelon ketone" or simply "calone".

chemical compound

chemical compound

Perillaldehyde, perillic aldehyde or perilla aldehyde, is a natural organic compound found most abundantly in the annual herb perilla, but also in a wide variety of other plants and essential oils. It is a monoterpenoid containing an aldehyde functional group.

scent gland contents from Moschus spp.

'''ortho-Vanillin' (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an organic solid present in the extracts and essential oils of many plants. Its functional groups include aldehyde, ether and phenol. ortho-Vanillin, a compound of the formula C8H8O3, is distinctly different from its more prevalent isomer, para-vanillin. The "ortho-" prefix refers to the position of the compound’s hydroxyl moiety, which is found in the para''-position in vanillin.

Bourgeonal (also known as cyclamen propanal) is an aromatic aldehyde used in perfumery. It has a fragrance reminiscent of lily of the valley, otherwise described as floral, watery, green, and aldehydic. It is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature.

group of isomeric compounds

Cyclopentadecanolide is an organic compound with the formula . A colorless solid, it is classified as macrolide lactone. It has some use in perfumery.

Damascones are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascenones and ionones. beta-Damascone is a contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery.

Gastrodigenin is a phenolic compound found in the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. It has a fruity aroma described as "fruity, almond/bitter almond, sweet, coconut".

'''p-Menthane-3,8-diol, also known as para-menthane-3,8-diol, PMD, or menthoglycol', is an organic compound classified as a diol and a terpenoid. It is colorless. Its name reflects the hydrocarbon backbone, which is that of p''-menthane. A total of eight stereoisomers are possible, based on the three stereocenters of the ring. Depending on the source, one or more may predominate.

Hydroxycitronellal (7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal) is an odorant used in perfumery. Its molecular formula is C10H20O2.

used to equalize the vapor pressures of the raw materials in a perfume oil,

Patchoulol or patchouli alcohol (C15H26O) is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in patchouli (Pogostemon cablin). Patchouli oil is an important material in perfumery. The (−)-optical isomer is one of the organic compounds responsible for the typical patchouli scent. Patchoulol is obtained industrially from patchouli leaf fermentation.

Hydroxymethylpentylcyclohexenecarboxaldehyde (HMPCC) is a synthetic fragrance known by the trade names Lyral, Kovanol, Mugonal, Landolal. It is found in some soaps, eau de toilettes, aftershaves and deodorants.

thumb|130px|right|Spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi) essential oil

chemical compound

Filbertone is the principal flavor compound of hazelnuts. It is used in perfumery and is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food products.

chemical compound

fragrance from India

3-Octanone is an organic compound with the formula . A colorless fragrant liquid, it is classified as a ketone. It is one of three octanones, the others being 2-octanone and 4-octanone.

'''p-Menthane' is a hydrocarbon with the formula (CH3)2CHC6H10CH3. It is the product of the hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis of various terpenoids, including p-cymene, terpinolenes, phellandrene, and limonene. It is a colorless liquid with a fragrant fennel-like odor. It occurs naturally, especially in exudates of Eucalyptus fruits. The compound is generally encountered as a mixture of the cis and trans'' isomers, which have very similar properties

β-Santalol is an organic compound that is classified as a sesquiterpene. It comprises about 20% of the oil of sandalwood, the major component being α-santalol. In 2002, about 60 tons of sandalwood oil were produced by steam distillation of the heartwood of Santalum album. It is used in perfumery as a fixative, modifier and dominant (central accord).

chemical compound

Cyclododecanone is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)11CO. It is a cyclic ketone that exists as a white solid at room temperature. Like its smaller analogs but unlike the larger ones, it has a camphor-like odor. ==History and synthesis== It was first obtained by Ružička et al. in 1926 by ketonic decarboxylation. A higher-yield method by acyloin condensation was devised by Prelog et al. in 1947.

Dihydromyrcenol is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a fragrance ingredient. Despite its similarity to some natural compounds of the monoterpene class, such as myrcenol, it has not been reported to be found in nature.

chemical compound

chemical compound

α-Santalol ('''alpha-santalol') is an organic compound that is classified as a sesquiterpene. It comprises about 55% of the oil of sandalwood, another less abundant component being β-santalol. As of 2002, about 60 tons of sandalwood oil are produced annually by steam distillation of the heartwood of Santalum album''. It is a valued component for perfumes.

Oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora guidottii

type of essential oil

chemical compound

chemical compound

Irones are a group of methylionone odorants used in perfumery, derived from iris oil, e.g. orris root. The most commercially important of these are:

type of synthetic scents

2-Octanone is an organic compound with the formula . It is a colorless volatile liquid that is produced commercially for use in the fragrance industry. It is produced by the condensation of acetone and pentanal followed by hydrogenation of the alkene. It can also be produced by selective oxidation of 1-octene. It is one of three octanones, the others being 3-octanone and 4-octanone. It is a common if trace component of many cooked foods.

Jasminaldehyde (also known as jasmine aldehyde and α-pentylcinnamaldehyde) is a fine chemical used as an aroma compound in perfumes. It is responsible for jasmine's characteristic scent.

Pomarose is a high-impact captive odorant patented by Givaudan. It is a double-unsaturated ketone that does not occur in nature. Pomarose has a powerful fruity rose odor with nuances of apples, plums and raisins, which is almost entirely due to the (2E,5Z)-stereoisomer, while its (2E,5E)-isomer is barely detectable for most people. Catalyzed by traces of acids, both isomers equilibrate however quickly upon standing in glass containers.

Hyraceum () is the petrified and rock-like excrement composed of both urine and feces of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and closely related species.