Phenol esters

Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, so its use has been banned or restricted in most countries. In response to safety concerns, the less toxic but still dangerous analogue parathion methyl was later developed.

Sofosbuvir, sold under the brand name Sovaldi among others, is a medication used to treat hepatitis C. It is taken by mouth.

Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide, banned in the US, the EU and Canada but still widely used in South America, Australia and Asia. It is a systemic insecticide, which means that the plant absorbs it through the roots, and from there the plant distributes it throughout its organs where insecticidal concentrations are attained. Carbofuran also has contact activity against pests. It is one of the most toxic pesticides still in use.

chemical compound

chemical compound

Propoxur is a carbamate, non-systemic, synthetic insecticide, produced from catechol, and was introduced in 1959 by Bayer.

chemical compound

Camostat is a serine protease inhibitor. Serine protease enzymes have a variety of functions in the body, and so camostat has a diverse range of uses. Camostat is approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and postoperative reflux esophagitis. The oral proteolytic enzyme inhibitor has been on the market since 1985 under the trade name Foipan Tablets. The manufacturer is Ono Pharmaceutical. The drug is used in the treatment of some forms of cancer and is also effective against some viral infections, as well as inhibiting fibrosis in liver or kidney disease or pancreatitis.

chemical compound

Paraoxon is a parasympathomimetic drug which acts as an cholinesterase inhibitor. It is an organophosphate oxon, and the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. It is also used as an ophthalmological drug against glaucoma. Paraoxon is one of the most potent acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides available, around 70% as potent as the nerve agent sarin, and so is now rarely used as an insecticide due to the risk of poisoning to humans and other animals. Paraoxon has been used by scientists to study acute and chronic effects of organophosphate intoxication. It is easily absorbed th

Fesoterodine (INN, used as the fumarate under the brand name Toviaz) is an antimuscarinic drug developed by Schwarz Pharma AG to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). It was approved by the European Medicines Agency in April 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration on October 31, 2008 and Health Canada on February 9, 2012.

chemical compound

Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide, also widely known as BPMC. A pale yellow or pale red liquid, insoluble in water; used as an agricultural insecticide, especially for control of Hemipteran pests, on rice and cotton and moderately toxic for humans.

Bendiocarb is an acutely toxic carbamate insecticide used in public health and agriculture and is effective against a wide range of nuisance and disease vector insects. Many bendiocarb products are or were sold under the tradenames "Ficam" and "Turcam."

'''para-Nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP') is a non-proteinaceous chromogenic substrate for alkaline and acid phosphatases used in ELISA and conventional spectrophotometric assays. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of pNPP liberating inorganic phosphate and the conjugate base of para''-nitrophenol (pNP). The resulting phenolate is yellow, with a maximal absorption at 405 nm. This property can be used to determine the activity of various phosphatases including alkaline phosphatase (AP) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP).

TCPO, or bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate, is a chemical used in some types of glow sticks and is a key chemical in many chemiluminescent reactions.

Carbosulfan is an organic compound adherent to the carbamate class. At normal conditions, it is brown viscous liquid. It is not very stable; it decomposes slowly at room temperature. Its solubility in water is low but it is miscible with xylene, hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol and acetone. Carbosulfan is used as an insecticide. The European Union banned use of carbosulfan in 2007.

Methiocarb is a carbamate pesticide (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) which is used as an insecticide, bird repellent, acaricide and molluscicide since the 1960s. Methiocarb has contact and stomach action on mites and neurotoxic effects on molluscs. Seeds treated with methiocarb also affect birds. Other names for methiocarb are mesurol and mercaptodimethur.

chemical compound

Metipranolol (OptiPranolol, Betanol, Disorat, Trimepranol) is a non-selective beta blocker used in eye drops to treat glaucoma. It is rapidly metabolized into desacetylmetipranolol.

Acetaminosalol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C15H13NO4.

Binapacryl was used as a miticide and fungicide. Chemically, it is an ester derivative of dinoseb. Although binapacryl has low toxicity itself, it is readily metabolized to form dinoseb, which is highly toxic.

Animocarb (Matacil) is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C11H16N2O2. It has a colorless or white crystal-like appearance and is most commonly used as an insecticide.

Bis[2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]oxalate (also known as bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl) oxalate or CPPO) is an organic compound with the formula . A white solid, it is classified as a diester of oxalic acid. It is an active ingredient for the chemiluminescence in glow sticks. It can be synthesized by reacting 2-carbopentoxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenol with oxalyl chloride.

EA-2012 is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent. It is an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is resistant to atropine and oxime treatment.

chemical compound

Mexacarbate is a carbamate pesticide developed by Alexander Shulgin and marketed in 1961 by Dow Chemical Company under the trade name Zectran. As of 2009, Mexacarbate is considered obsolete or discontinued, according to the World Health Organization. It is notable for being the first biodegradable pesticide. thumb|left|Canister of mexacarbate (Zectran) thumb|Mexacarbate being sprayed by helicopter.

Metolcarb (chemical formula: C9H11NO2) is a chemical compound used as an acaricide and an insecticide.

EA-2054 is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent. It is an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is resistant to atropine and oxime treatment.

EA-2613 is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent. It is an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is resistant to atropine and oxime treatment.

Polyozellin is a chemical which occurs in the mushroom Polyozellus multiplex. It inhibits prolyl endopeptidase, an enzyme that has a role in processing proteins (specifically, amyloid precursor protein) in Alzheimer's disease. Chemicals that inhibit prolyl endopeptidase have attracted research interest due to their potential therapeutic effects. Structurally related dibenzofuranyl derivatives of polyozellin are known as kynapcins.

T-1123 is a carbamate-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It was investigated as a chemical warfare agent starting in 1940. It does not go through the blood-brain barrier due to the charge on quaternary nitrogen. The antidote is atropine. T-1123 is a quaternary ammonium ion. A phenyl carbamate ester is bonded in the meta position to the nitrogen on a diethylmethyl amine. The chloride and methylsulfate salt of T-1123 is TL-1299 and TL-1317, respectively.

Promecarb (chemical formula: C12H17NO2) is a chemical compound previously used as an insecticide.

EA-2098 is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent. It is an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is resistant to atropine and oxime treatment.

Cymserine is a drug related to physostigmine, which acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, with moderate selectivity (15 times) for the plasma cholinesterase enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, and relatively weaker inhibition of the better-known acetylcholinesterase enzyme. This gives it a much more specific profile of effects that may be useful for treating Alzheimer's disease without producing side effects such as tremors, lacrimation, and salivation that are seen with the older nonselective cholinesterase inhibitors currently used for this application, such as donepezil.

chemical compound

chemical compound

EX-597 (former developmental code names URB-597, KDS-4103, and ORG-231295) is a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (FAAH inhibitor) which is under development for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (or social phobia) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Miotine is an anticholinesterase drug. Miotine was the first synthetic carbamate that was used clinically.