Philosophers of language

British philosopher and logician (1872–1970)

Ibn Rushd (14 April 112611 December 1198), Latinized as Averroes, was an Andalusian polymath and jurist who was proficient in a variety of intellectual fields, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, neurology, Islamic jurisprudence and law, and linguistics. The author of more than 100 books and treatises, his philosophical works include numerous commentaries on Aristotle, for which he was known in the Western world as "The Commentator" and "Father of Rationalism".

Swiss linguist and philosopher (1857–1913)

Mencius (孟子, Mèngzǐ, ; ), born Meng Ke (), was a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage () to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself. He was part of Confucius's fourth generation of disciples, inheriting his ideology and developing it further. Living during the Warring States period, he is said to have spent much of his life travelling around the states offering counsel to different rulers. Conversations with these rulers form the basis of the Mencius, which would later be canonised as a Confucian classic.

German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (*1859 – †1938)

Chinese Taoist philosopher (c. 369–286 BC)

thumbnail|200px|Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (; – 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist. He has been designated as "Father of Islamic Neoplatonism", and the "Founder of Islamic Political Philosophy".

Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835)

Scottish Franciscan friar and philosopher (c. 1265/66–1308)

Russian intellectual and philosopher

Chinese Confucian philosopher (c. 310 – after 238 BCE)

German philosopher and logician (1891–1970)

Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, linguist, and author, an advocate of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of the mind

English philosopher

Polish-American logician (1901-1983)

German-American theologian and philosopher

Belgian-born French feminist, philosopher, linguist, psycholinguist, psychoanalyst and cultural theorist (born 1930)

English philosopher (1911–1960)

Canadian philosopher (born 1931)

British philosopher (1846–1924)

British philosopher (1919–2006)

Finland Swedish philosopher, professor and member of the Academy of Finland (1916–2003)

British-American philosopher and writer

Canadian philosopher (1936–2023)

Australian philosopher (1917-1981)

Czech philosopher and photographer

German-born British philosopher

Chinese philosopher of the 3rd century BCE of the School of Names

English professor of philosophy and law

South African philosopher and academic

British-American philosopher

British philosopher (born 1950)

Swedish philosopher and jurist (1868–1939)

Japanese author of many books on Islam and other religions (1914–1993)

Basque writer and philosopher

German philosopher (1930–2023)

Indian Hindu philosopher

British philosopher

Swiss philosopher and educationist (1847-1914)

British philosophical writer (1837–1912)

Israeli philosopher, mathematician, and linguist (1915-1975)

Norwegian philosopher

British philosopher

Lithuanian politician (1944–2006)

British philosopher

Polish linguist

New Zealand philosopher (1930–2024)

Spanish philosopher

The Modistae (Latin for Modists), also known as the speculative grammarians, were the members of a school of grammarian philosophy known as Modism or speculative grammar, active in northern France, Germany, England, and Denmark in the 13th and 14th centuries. Their influence was felt much less in the southern part of Europe, where the somewhat opposing tradition of the so-called "pedagogical grammar" never lost its preponderance.

Argentine academic (1908–1979)

Professor of Philosophy

philosopher of the School of Names

English-born Irish Dominican priest, theologian and philosopher (1926-2001)

Venezuelan philosopher

Indian philosopher

Dutch philosopher, writer, singer-songwriter (born 1980)

Israeli philosopher

Italian psychoanalyst

German-born British philosopher (born 1960)

Pakistani philosopher