Ferdinand de Saussure
Swiss linguist and philosopher (1857–1913)
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Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist and philosopher (1857–1913) who fundamentally changed how scholars understand language by proposing that words are arbitrary signs made up of a sound or written form connected to a concept, rather than direct labels for things in the world. His ideas became foundational to the modern study of language and influenced not just linguistics but also philosophy, literary criticism, and other fields of inquiry.
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Article
Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure (/soʊˈsjʊər/; French: [fɛʁdinɑ̃ də sosyʁ]; 26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913) was a Swiss linguist, semiotician and philosopher. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiotics in the 20th century. He is widely considered one of the founders of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major founders (together with Charles Sanders Peirce) of semiotics, or semiology, as Saussure called it.
One of his translators, Roy Harris, summarized Saussure's contribution to linguistics and the study of "the whole range of human sciences. It is particularly marked in linguistics, philosophy, psychoanalysis, psychology, sociology and anthropology." Although they have undergone extension and critique over time, the dimensions of organization introduced by Saussure continue to inform contemporary approaches to the phenomenon of language. As Leonard Bloomfield stated after reviewing Saussure's work: "he has given us the theoretical basis for a science of human speech".
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1857 births1913 deaths19th-century essayists19th-century linguists19th-century Swiss male writers19th-century Swiss philosophers19th-century Swiss writers20th-century essayists20th-century Swiss linguists20th-century Swiss male writers20th-century Swiss non-fiction writers20th-century Swiss philosophers