Scottish inventions

thumb|upright=1.35|Flat-panel display|Flat-screen television receivers on display for sale at a consumer electronics store in May 2008

thumb|An old rotary dial telephone thumb|AT&T push button telephone made by [[Western Electric, model 2500 DMG black, 1980]]

right|thumb|upright=1.35|Plots of logarithm functions, with three commonly used bases. The special points are indicated by dotted lines, and all curves intersect in .

thumb|Igniting a match on the striking strip of a matchbox

small piece of paper that is purchased and displayed on an item of mail as evidence of payment of postage

right|thumb|upright|A kerosene bottle, containing blue-dyed kerosene

thumb|Tire on a truck thumb|Assorted new automotive road tires, showing a variety of tread patterns. thumb|Tractor tires have substantial ribs and voids for traction in soft terrain.

thumb|upright=1.2|This fax machine from 1999 used relatively new inkjet printing technology on normal paper. thumb|upright=1.2|Like many fax machines, this 1990 model used thermal printing on relatively expensive [[thermal paper which came in rolls. The roll was inserted into a compartment in the machine.]]

thumb|A chainsaw cutting a small wooden board

thumb|A toy kaleidoscope

insulated storage vessel

engine powered by a source of heat applied externally to it

scientific device

class of medications that are particularly used to manage cardiac arrhythmias, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack

agricultural machine

thumb|upright|A man wearing a yellow raincoat with hood A raincoat is a waterproof or water-resistant garment worn on the upper body to shield the wearer from rain. The term rain jacket is sometimes used to refer to raincoats with long sleeves that are waist-length. A rain jacket may be combined with a pair of rain pants to make a rainsuit. Rain clothing may also be in one piece, like a boilersuit. Raincoats, like rain ponchos, offer the wearer hands-free protection from the rain and elements; unlike the umbrella.

tanker designed for the transport of petroleum

thumb|upright=1.5|Roll-on/Roll-off car-carrying ship being boarded by articulated haulers at the [[Port of Baltimore]] thumb|RoRo ports and Inland waterways of the United States|inland waterways of the United States Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. This is in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane

Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, some types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, akathisia, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, as well as to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken orally, rectally, or by intravenous injection. The formulation that is taken orally comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minut

neurological scale for recording the conscious state of a person

model that is used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems

thumb|An illustration of the first macadamized road in the United States between Boonsboro, Maryland|Boonsboro and Hagerstown in [[Maryland in 1823; in the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed in weight or to pass a ring".]] Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam , in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to keep dust and s

cannon

thumb|A replica of a Victorian zoetrope

facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another

optical polarizer made of two birefrengent calcite crystals

Shortbread or shortie is a traditional Scottish biscuit usually made from one part white sugar, two parts butter and three to four parts plain wheat flour. Shortbread does not contain leavening, such as baking powder or baking soda. Shortbread is widely associated with Christmas and Hogmanay festivities in Scotland, and some Scottish brands are exported around the world.

Irn-Bru ( "iron brew", ) is a Scottish carbonated soft drink, often described as "Scotland's other national drink" after Scotch whisky. Introduced in 1901, the drink is produced in Westfield, Cumbernauld, North Lanarkshire, by A.G. Barr of Glasgow. As well as being sold throughout the United Kingdom, Irn-Bru is available throughout the world and can usually be bought where there is a significant community of people from Scotland. The brand also has its own tartan. It has been the top-selling soft drink in Scotland for over a century, competing directly with global brands such as Coca-Cola.

a small metallic cap or cup, usually of copper or brass, containing a shock-sensitive explosive compound

type of camouflage clothing designed to resemble the background environment such as foliage, snow or sand

type of artificial light

A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the last quarter of the 18th century to the mid-19th century. Its main function was to serve as a powerful, short-range, anti-ship and anti-crew weapon. The technology behind the carronade was greater dimensional precision, with the shot fitting more closely in the barrel, thus transmitting more of the propellant charge's energy to the projectile, allowing a lighter gun using less gunpowder to be effective.

type of aerial lift in which the cars are permanently fixed to a cable and typically shuttle back and forth between two stations

ferryboat carrying railroad cars onboard

sliding electrical contact which conducts current between stationary and moving parts

() is a carbonated soft drink served in a Codd-neck bottle. It was introduced in 1884 in Kobe as a carbonated lemonade by the Scottish pharmacist Alexander Cameron Sim. The name is derived from the English word lemonade.

method that uses media capable of representing colors

mechanism for automatically controlling the speed of an engine

mathematical instrument invented by John Napier

chorination of water

type of piston engine

provision of services by a bank to individual consumers

thumb|upright=1.35|Diagram of a limelight burner

type of reflecting telescope

power hammer

Scottish semi-sweet biscuit

waterproof raincoat

solid plate resulting from the application of a stereotyping technique

type of electrostatic generator

form of rapid transit

type of handwoven cloth

clock that is powered by electricity

concept in physics

Bovril is a thick and salty meat extract paste, similar to a yeast extract, developed in the 1870s by Scottish entrepreneur John Lawson Johnston. It is sold in a distinctive bulbous jar and as cubes and granules. Its brownish-black appearance is similar to Vegemite and Marmite. Bovril is owned and distributed by Unilever UK.

Industrial Revolution era stream engine design

bolt-action rifle

mechanical linkage that converts rotary motion to approximately-straight motion, invented by James Watt

Breech-loading rifle