Serial buses

thumb|USB 80 Gbit/s port logo Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard, developed by USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF), for digital data transmission and power delivery between many types of electronics. It specifies the architecture, in particular the physical interfaces, and communication protocols to and from hosts, such as personal computers, to and from peripheral devices, e.g. displays, keyboards, and mass storage devices, and to and from intermediate hubs, which multiply the number of a host's ports.

thumb|Example of music created in MIDI format thumb|alt=Several rack-mounted synthesizers that share a single controller|Using MIDI, a single controller (often a musical keyboard, as pictured here) can play multiple electronic instruments, which increases the portability and flexibility of stage setups. This system fits into a single rack case, but before MIDI, it would have required four separate full-size keyboard instruments, plus outboard mixing and effects units.

serial bus interface standard

SATA (Serial AT Attachment)<!--

technology developed by IBM for local area networks

computer expansion bus standard

communication interface transmitting information sequentially

DisplayPort (DP) is a digital interface used to connect a video source, such as a computer, to a display device like a monitor. Developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), it can also carry digital audio, USB, and other types of data over a single cable.

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit; pronounced as "" or ""), alternatively known as I2C and IIC, is a synchronous, multi-master/multi-slave, single-ended, serial communication bus invented in 1980 by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors). It is widely used for attaching lower-speed peripheral integrated circuits (ICs) to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication.

synchronous serial communication interface

Type of data transfer

serial communication standard

point-to-point serial protocol for enterprise storage

thumb|Logo of the HyperTransport Consortium

thumb|Profibus electrical connector

thumb|Texas Instruments VN08 (SN75HVD08) - Wide Supply Range RS-485 Transceiver RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. Electrical signaling is balanced, and multipoint systems are supported. The standard is jointly published by the Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA). Digital communications networks implementing the standard can be used effectively over long distances and in electrically

InfiniBand (IB) is a computer networking standard used in high-performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency. It is used for data interconnect both among and within computers. InfiniBand is also used as either a direct or switched interconnect between servers and storage systems, as well as an interconnect between storage systems. It is designed to be scalable and uses a switched fabric network topology. Between 2014 and June 2016, it was the most commonly used interconnect in the TOP500 list of supercomputers.

audio/video interface for connecting mobile devices to audio receivers and displays

computer processor bus

proprietary bit-serial peripheral bus connecting low-speed devices to computers

A fieldbus is a member of a family of industrial digital communication networks used for real-time distributed control. Fieldbus profiles are standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as IEC 61784/61158.

single-ended simple two-wire bus for the purpose of lightweight communication

thumb|368px|RS-422 network with multiple receivers

thumb|right|350px|An in a plastic fob, as used for Istanbul Akbil (smart ticket)|Akbil smart ticket thumb|right|200px|A Java ring with an embedded

family of digital video interfaces

Inter-Integrated Circuit Sound (I²S, I2S or IIS) is a serial interface protocol for transmitting two-channel, digital audio as pulse-code modulation (PCM) between integrated circuit (IC) components of an electronic device. An I²S bus separates clock and serial data signals, resulting in simpler receivers than those required for asynchronous communications systems that need to recover the clock from the data stream.

MIL-STD-1553 is a military standard published by the United States Department of Defense that defines the mechanical, electrical, and functional characteristics of a serial data bus. It was originally designed as an avionic data bus for use with military avionics, but has also become commonly used in spacecraft on-board data handling (OBDH) subsystems, both military and civil, including use on the James Webb space telescope. It features multiple (commonly dual) redundant balanced line physical layers, a (differential) network interface, time-division multiplexing, half-duplex command/response

computer bus used by Intel for connecting the northbridge and southbridge on a computer motherboard

hybrid analog+digital industrial automation protocol; can communicate over legacy 4–20 mA analog instrumentation current loops, sharing the pair of wires used by the analog only host systems

vehicle network technology

avionics data bus standard

Computer bus

Actuator Sensor Interface (AS-Interface or ASi) is an industrial networking solution (Physical Layer, Data access Method and Protocol) used in PLC, DCS and PC-based automation systems. It is designed for connecting simple field I/O devices (e.g. binary ON/OFF devices such as actuators, sensors, rotary encoders, analog inputs and outputs, push buttons, and valve position sensors) in discrete manufacturing and process applications using a single two-conductor cable.

thumb|MADI interface-box (RME MADIface) equipping both optical and coaxial interfaces, each can handle 64ch digital audio per link.

thumb|260px|RS-449 pinout The RS-449 specification, also known as EIA-449 or TIA-449, defines the functional and mechanical characteristics of the interface between data terminal equipment, typically a computer, and data communications equipment, typically a modem or terminal server. The full title of the standard is EIA-449 General Purpose 37-Position and 9-Position Interface for Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange.

interface standard for communications between a media access control (MAC) layer system and physical layer device (PHY)

NVLink is a wire-based serial, multi-lane, near-range, communications link developed by Nvidia. Unlike PCI Express, a device can consist of multiple NVLinks, and devices can use mesh networking to communicate instead of a central hub/switch. The protocol was first announced in March 2014 and uses a proprietary high-speed signaling interconnect (NVHS).

DeviceNet is a network protocol used in the automation industry to interconnect control devices for data exchange. It utilizes the Common Industrial Protocol over a Controller Area Network media layer and defines an application layer to cover a range of device profiles. Typical applications include information exchange, safety devices, and large I/O control networks.

IO-Link is a short distance, bi-directional, digital, point-to-point, wired (or wireless), industrial communications networking standard (IEC 61131-9) used for connecting digital sensors and actuators to either a type of industrial fieldbus or an industrial Ethernet. Its objective is to provide a technological platform that enables the development and use of sensors and actuators that can produce and consume enriched sets of data that in turn can be used for economically optimizing industrial automated processes and operations. The technology standard is managed by the industry association Pro

INTERBUS is a serial bus system which transmits data between control systems (e.g., PCs, PLCs, VMEbus computers, robot controllers etc.) and spatially distributed I/O modules that are connected to sensors and actuators (e.g., temperature sensors, position switches).

RS-423, also known as TIA/EIA-423, is a technical standard originated by the Electronic Industries Alliance that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. Although it was originally intended as a successor to RS-232C offering greater cable lengths, it is not widely used.

serial communications scheme

EtherNet/IP (IP = Industrial Protocol) is an industrial network protocol that adapts the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) to standard Ethernet. EtherNet/IP is one of the leading industrial protocols in the United States and is widely used in a range of industries including factory, hybrid and process. The EtherNet/IP and CIP technologies are managed by ODVA, Inc., a global trade and standards development organization founded in 1995 with over 300 corporate members.

General Purpose Media Interface (GPMI) is an upcoming standard for an audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from a source device, such as a display controller, to a computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio. GPMI is intended to be a successor to HDMI but developed by Chinese companies.

RapidIO is a packet-switched interconnect technology used to link electronic components. It allows devices to exchange messages, perform read and write operations, and maintain cache coherence. RapidIO follows common electrical standards, such as those used in Ethernet, and can connect chips, circuit boards, or entire systems together. == History == The RapidIO Trade Association was founded around February 2000 with early members such as Cisco Systems, Galileo Technology, HAL Computer Systems, Lucent Technologies, Mercury Computer Systems, Motorola, Nortel Networks, Seagull Semiconductor, Tund

using a USB connection to transfer Ethernet data

External SATA (eSATA), standardized in 2004, provides a variant of Serial ATA meant for external connectivity. It has revised electrical requirements in addition to incompatible cables and connectors:

widely used serial interface standard for industrial applications between a master (e.g. controller) and a slave (e.g. sensor)

open standard interconnection for data centers

thumb|HP-41CX connected to thermal printer and digital cassette drive via HP-IL The HP-IL (Hewlett-Packard Interface Loop) was a short-range interconnection bus or network introduced by Hewlett-Packard in the early 1980s. It enabled many devices such as printers, plotters, displays, storage devices (floppy disk drives and tape drives), test equipment, etc. to be connected to programmable calculators such as the HP-41C, HP-71B and HP-75C/D, the Series 80 and HP-110 computers, as well as generic ISA bus based PCs.

serial bus of the home computers series of Commodore

Digital interface for sensors

IEEE standard for low-cost, low latency serial interconnections

proprietary peripheral bus and related software protocol stacks used on the Atari 8-bit family to provide most input/output duties for those computers

A hierarchical combination of two network levels for data transmission within trains

automation programming protocol from Siemens

display interface from MIPI alliance

MECHATROLINK is an open protocol used for industrial automation, originally developed by Yaskawa and presently maintained by Mechatrolink Members Association (MMA).

bus used for camera modules in embedded systems and mobile devices