Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties.

Tryptamine, also known as 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine, is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan. The chemical structure is defined by an indole—a fused benzene and pyrrole ring, and a 2-aminoethyl group at the second carbon (third aromatic atom, with the first one being the heterocyclic nitrogen). The structure of tryptamine is a shared feature of certain aminergic neuromodulators including melatonin, serotonin, bufotenin and psychedelic derivatives such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, psilocin and others.

Amantadine, sold under the brand name Gocovri among others, is a medication used to treat dyskinesia associated with parkinsonism and influenza caused by type A influenzavirus, though its use for the latter is no longer recommended because of widespread drug resistance. It is also used for a variety of other conditions. The drug is taken by mouth.

Mephedrone, also known as ', , or , is a synthetic stimulant drug belonging to the amphetamine and cathinone classes. It is commonly referred to by slang names such as drone, , white magic, meow meow, and bubble'. Chemically, it is similar to the cathinone compounds found in the khat plant, native to eastern Africa.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is an entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine and MDxx families that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug. It is usually taken orally.

Benzylpiperazine (BZP), also known as 1-benzylpiperazine, is a substance often used as a recreational drug and is known to have euphoriant and stimulant properties. Several studies conducted between 2000 and 2011 found that the effects of BZP are similar to amphetamine, although BZP's dosage is roughly 10 times higher by weight.

Methylone, also known as '3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (MDMC'), is an entactogen and stimulant drug of the amphetamine, cathinone, and MDxx families related to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). It is the β-keto or cathinone analogue of MDMA. The drug is usually taken orally, but can also be administered by other routes.

α-Methyltryptamine (αMT, AMT) is a psychedelic, stimulant, and entactogen drug of the tryptamine and α-alkyltryptamine families. It was originally developed as an antidepressant at Upjohn in the 1960s, and was used briefly as an antidepressant in the Soviet Union under the brand name Indopan or Indopane before being discontinued.

'3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; also called MDE and colloquially, Eve') is an empathogenic psychoactive drug. MDEA is a substituted amphetamine and a substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine. MDEA acts as a serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor.

α-Ethyltryptamine (αET, AET), also known as etryptamine, is an entactogen and stimulant drug of the tryptamine family. It was originally developed and marketed as an antidepressant under the brand name Monase by Upjohn in the 1960s before being withdrawn due to toxicity.

4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as '''para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA'''), is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine.

4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) is a stimulant drug of the 2-amino-5-aryloxazoline group that was first synthesized in 1960 by McNeil Laboratories. It is also known by its street name "U4Euh" ("Euphoria"). It is banned in many countries as a stimulant. 4-Methylaminorex has effects comparable to methamphetamine but with a longer duration.

Butylone, also known as 'β-keto-N-methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (βk-MBDB'), is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, phenylisobutylamine, and cathinone families. It is the β-keto (substituted cathinone) analogue of MBDB and the substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine analogue of buphedrone.

4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) or para-methylamphetamine, also known by the former proposed brand name Aptrol, is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the amphetamine family. It is structurally related to mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone).

Mepiprazole (INN, BAN; brand name Psigodal) is an anxiolytic drug of the phenylpiperazine group with additional antidepressant properties that is marketed in Spain. It acts as a 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist and inhibits the reuptake and induces the release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine to varying extents, and has been described as a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI).

Hydroxyamphetamine, also known as 4-hydroxyamphetamine or norpholedrine and sold under the brand names Paredrine and Paremyd among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used in eye drops to dilate the pupil for eye examinations.

3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), also known as metaphedrone, is a designer drug from the substituted cathinone family. 3-MMC is a monoamine transporter substrate (a substance acted upon by monoamine transporters in the brain) that potently releases and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, as well as displaying moderate serotonin releasing activity.

Flephedrone, also known as 4-fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC), is a stimulant drug of the cathinone chemical class that has been sold online as a designer drug starting in 2008.

Xylopropamine, also known as 3,4-dimethylamphetamine (DMeA) and sold under the brand names Perhedrin and Esanin, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families which was developed and marketed as an appetite suppressant in the 1950s.

'3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine (MDOH, MDH), also known as N-hydroxy-MDA', is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and MDxx families. It is the N-hydroxy homologue of MDA, and the N-desmethyl homologue of FLEA (MDMOH).

6-APB, also known as 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and benzofuran families. 6-APB and related drugs are sometimes informally called "Benzofury" in media reports. It is similar in structure to MDA, but differs in that the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl ring system has been replaced with a benzofuran ring. 6-APB is also the unsaturated benzofuran derivative of 6-APDB. It may appear as a tan or brown grainy powder.

'''para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), also known as 4-chloroamphetamine (4-CA'''), is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and serotonergic neurotoxin of the amphetamine family. It is used in scientific research in the study of the serotonin system, as a serotonin releasing agent (SRA) at lower doses to produce serotonergic effects, and as a serotonergic neurotoxin at higher doses to produce long-lasting depletions of serotonin.

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-API or 5-IT), also known as 3,4-pyrrolo[b]amphetamine or by the code name PAL-571, is an indole and amphetamine derivative with stimulant effects. Its preparation was first reported by Albert Hofmann in 1962. It is a designer drug that has been openly sold as a recreational drug by online vendors since 2011.

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor) is a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class which was developed in Italy in 1983. It was used as a nootropic drug in Italy and France, mainly for the treatment of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use due to the occurrence of rare adverse drug reactions including fever and hepatitis. Fipexide is similar in action to other nootropic drugs such as piracetam and has a few similarities in chemical structure to centrophenoxine. Chemically, it is an amide union of parachlorophenoxyacetate and methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP), and has been show

Naphthylaminopropane (NAP; code name PAL-287), also known as naphthylisopropylamine (NIPA), is an experimental drug of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families that was under investigation for the treatment of alcohol and stimulant addiction.

5-MeO-αMT, also known as 5-methoxy-α-methyltryptamine or as 'α,O-dimethylserotonin (α,O-DMS or Alpha-O'), is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine, α-alkyltryptamine, and 5-methoxytryptamine families. It is a derivative of α-methyltryptamine (αMT) and an analogue of 5-MeO-DMT. The drug is said to be the most potent psychedelic of the simple indolealkylamines (i.e., tryptamines). It is taken orally and is used at doses of 2 to 4mg.

5-MAPB, also known as '5-(N-methyl-2-aminopropyl)benzofuran', is an entactogen and designer drug of the amphetamine family that is similar to MDMA in its structure and effects.

Ethylone, also known as '3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylcathinone (MDEC, βk-MDEA'), is a recreational designer drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone chemical classes. It is the β-keto analogue of MDEA ("Eve"). Ethylone has only a short history of human use and is reported to be less potent than its relative methylone. In the United States, it began to be found in cathinone products in late 2011.

3-Methylamphetamine (3-MeA; PAL-314) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It is self-administered by mice to a similar extent to 4-fluoroamphetamine and has comparable properties as a monoamine releaser, although with a more balanced release of all three monoamines, as opposed to the more dopamine/noradrenaline selective fluoro analogues.

'''para-Bromoamphetamine (PBA), also known as 4-bromoamphetamine (4-BA'''), is an amphetamine derivative which acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and produces stimulant effects.

2-Aminotetralin (2-AT), also known as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine (THN), is a stimulant drug of the 2-aminotetralin family with a chemical structure consisting of a tetralin core with an amine as substituent.

3-Chloromethcathinone (3-CMC), also known as clophedrone, is a synthetic substance belonging to the cathinone class of psychoactive compounds. It is very similar in structure to other methcathinone derivatives such as 3-MMC and 4-CMC. Unlike cathinone, which occurs naturally in the khat plant Catha edulis, 3-CMC is not found in nature and is solely produced through chemical synthesis.

'''para-Iodoamphetamine (PIA), also known as 4-iodoamphetamine (4-IA'), is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) and serotonergic neurotoxin of the amphetamine family related to para''-chloroamphetamine (PCA).

EDMA, also known as '3,4-ethylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine or as MDMC', is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and EDxx families. It is an analogue of MDMA where the methylenedioxy ring has been replaced by an ethylenedioxy ring.

4-Methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA), also known as mephedrine, is a putative stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine family. It acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). The drug is the β-deketo analogue of mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone; 4-MMC) and the N-methyl analogue of 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA).

type of drug

'3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine, also known as MDMOH, MDHMA, or FLEA', is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and MDxx families. It is the N-hydroxy homologue of MDMA ("Ecstasy"), and the N-methyl homologue of MDOH.

5-APB, also known as 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and benzofuran families. 5-APB and related drugs have sometimes been informally called "Benzofury".

3-Fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class which acts as a releasing agent of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin.

3-Methoxyamphetamine (3-MA), also known as '''meta-methoxyamphetamine (MMA'), is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine family. It is a positional isomer of para''-methoxyamphetamine (PMA; 4-methoxyamphetamine). The drug has been encountered as a novel designer drug.

Befuraline (DIV-154) is a psychoactive drug and member of the piperazine chemical class which was developed in Germany in the 1970s. Befuraline has stimulant and antidepressant effects and has seen some use in Germany and France, although it has never become widely used. Befuraline's active metabolite benzylpiperazine is likely to contribute to its effects.

4-Fluoromethamphetamine (4-FMA) is a stimulant drug related to methamphetamine and 4-fluoroamphetamine. It has been reported to be sold as a designer drug, but little is known about its pharmacology or toxicology.

3-Methoxymethamphetamine (also known as '''meta-methoxymethamphetamine or MMMA'''), which is most closely related to 3-methoxyamphetamine and PMMA and shares similar monoamine releasing effects, although its effects have not been studied so extensively as other related drugs.