Steroids

thumb|right|alt=Complex chemical diagram|class=skin-invert-image|Structure of 24-ethyl-lanostane, a prototypical steroid with 32 carbon atoms. Its core ring system (ABCD), composed of 17 carbon atoms, is shown with [[IUPAC-approved ring lettering and atom numbering.]]A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone.

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, and also their synthetic analogues. The two main classes of corticosteroids – glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids – are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.

substance with biological function

thumb|Brassinolide, the first brassinosteroid isolated and shown to have biological activity Brassinosteroids (BRs or less commonly BS) are a class of polyhydroxysteroids that have been recognized as a sixth class of plant hormones and may have utility as anticancer drugs for treating endocrine-responsive cancers by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibiting cancerous growth. These brassinosteroids were first explored during the 1970s when Mitchell et al. reported promotion in stem elongation and cell division by the treatment of organic extracts of rapeseed (Brassica napus) pollen. Br

Ecdysone is a prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, secreted from the prothoracic glands. It is of steroidal structure. Insect molting hormones (ecdysone and its homologues) are generally called ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones of arthropods but also occur in other related phyla where they can play different roles. In Drosophila melanogaster, an increase in ecdysone concentration induces the expression of genes coding for proteins that the larva requires. It causes chromosome puffs (sites of high expression) to form in polytene chromosomes. Recen

thumb|Numbering of the carbon atoms. In steranes, the side chain at C-17 varies.

Diosgenin, a phytosteroid spirostanol sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam species, such as the Kokoro. It is also present in smaller amounts in a number of other species. The sugar-free (aglycone) product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products.

an ester of cholesterol

Brassinolide is a plant hormone. The first isolated brassinosteroid, it was discovered when it was shown that pollen from rapeseed (Brassica napus) could promote stem elongation and cell division. The biologically active component was isolated and named brassinolide.

thumb|Withaferin A thumb|Salpichrolid A thumb|Nicandrenon-1 thumb|Ixocarpalacton A Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton. They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo.

11-Deoxycortisol, also known as cortodoxone (INN), cortexolone as well as 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone or 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is an endogenous glucocorticoid steroid hormone, and a metabolic intermediate toward cortisol. It was first described by Tadeusz Reichstein in 1938 as Substance S, thus has also been referred to as '''Reichstein's Substance S or Compound S'''.

Gonane (cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene) is a chemical compound with formula , whose structure consists of four hydrocarbon rings fused together: three cyclohexane units and one cyclopentane. It can also be viewed as the result of fusing a cyclopentane molecule with a fully hydrogenated molecule of phenanthrene, hence the more descriptive name "perhydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene". The non-systematic version of the above name is "cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene".

Cardanolide is a steroid with a molecular weight of 344.54 g/mol.

thumb|right|200px|Chemical structures of ecdysteroids, ecdysone (top) and [[20-hydroxyecdysone]] Ecdysteroids are arthropod steroid hormones that are mainly responsible for molting (ecdysis), development and, to a lesser extent, reproduction; examples of ecdysteroids include ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone), turkesterone and 2-deoxyecdysone. These compounds are synthesized in arthropods from dietary cholesterol via the Halloween family of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Omaveloxolone, sold under the brand name Skyclarys, is a medication used for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia. It is taken by mouth.

Dammarane is a tetracyclic triterpene found in sapogenins (forming triterpenoid saponins) like those of ginseng (ginsenosides: panaxatriol and protopanaxadiol). Compounds of the series were first isolated from and named after dammar resin, a natural resin from the tropical trees of the dipterocarp family.

Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is an organic compound that is an aglycone of ginsenosides, a group of steroid glycosides. It is a dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpene sapogenins found in ginseng (Panax ginseng) and in notoginseng (Panax pseudoginseng).

Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is an organic compound that is an aglycone of ginsenosides, a group of steroid glycosides. It is a dammarane-type tetracyclic terpene sapogenin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng) and in notoginseng (Panax pseudoginseng).

lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules

chemical compound

thumb|225px|right|class=skin-invert-image|Digitoxin, a phytosteroid and [[cardiac glycoside found in digitalis.]]

biomarker of agricultural faecal contamination

Turkesterone is a naturally occurring phytoecdysteroid, a subclass of ecdysteroids, which are steroidal compounds structurally related to cholesterol. It is predominantly found in numerous plant species.

class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|200px|Steroid skeleton. Carbons 18 and above can be absent. class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|150px|Androstenedione class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|150px|Androsterone class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|150px|Estrone

Ganodermanontriol is a lanostanoid triterpene isolated from Ganoderma lucidum.

Sarsasapogenin is a steroidal spirostanol sapogenin, that is the aglycosidic portion of a plant saponin. It is named after sarsaparilla (Smilax sp.), a family of climbing plants found in subtropical regions. It was one of the first sapogenins to be identified, and the first spirostan steroid to be identified as such. The identification of the spirostan structure, with its ketone spiro acetal functionality, was fundamental in the development of the Marker degradation, which allowed the industrial production of progesterone and other sex hormones from plant steroids.

chemical compound