Translation

thumb|upright=1.7|right|King Charles V of France|Charles V the Wise commissions a translation of [[Aristotle. First square shows his ordering the translation; second square, the translation being made. Third and fourth squares show the finished translation being brought to, and then presented to, the King.]]

thumb|The English language|English word [[tofu is a loanword from the Japanese word , which is itself a loanword from the Chinese word dòufu.]]

Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science. A term is a word, compound word, or expression that in specific contexts is given specific meanings—these may deviate from the meanings the same words have in other contexts and in everyday language. Terminology is a discipline that studies, among other things, the development of such terms and their interrelationships within a specialized domain. Terminology differs from lexicography, as it involves

world day

thumb|300px|A scene from the 1963 film Charade (1963 film)|Charade, showing dialogue spoken by [[Audrey Hepburn and Dominique Minot subtitled in English. Quotation dashes are used to differentiate between speakers.]]

science of interpreting and translating

process in which software is made accessible to people in different areas of the world

process of adapting a product's translation to a specific country or region

thumb|Saudade (1899), by Almeida Júnior

text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language

real-time translation from a source language to a target language

Post-editing (or postediting) is the process whereby humans amend machine-generated translation to achieve an acceptable final product. A person who post-edits is called a post-editor. The concept of post-editing is linked to that of pre-editing. In the process of translating a text via machine translation, best results may be gained by pre-editing the source textfor example by applying the principles of controlled languageand then post-editing the machine output. It is distinct from editing, which refers to the process of improving human generated text (a process which is often known as revis

In vocal music, contrafactum (or contrafact, pl. contrafacta) is "the substitution of one text for another without substantial change to the music". The earliest known examples of this "lyrical adaptation" date back to the 9th century in Gregorian chant.

Translation of multimodal and multimedial texts

collective term for words and expressions for culture-specific material elements

translated text within the field of law

explanatory matter inserted between a line of original text and its translation; when grammatical in nature, has semistandard format

translation of a document produced by technical writers

production of translations that are acceptable by a legal jurisdiction

artificial or natural language used as an intermediary language for translation

In terminology management, a termbase, or term base (a contraction of terminology and database), is a database consisting of concept-oriented terminological entries (or ‘concepts’) and related information, usually in multilingual format. Entries may include any of the following additional information: a definition; source or context of the term; subject area, domain, or industry; grammatical information (verb, noun, etc.); notes; usage label (figurative, American English, formal, etc.); author (‘created by’), creation/modification date (‘created/modified at’); verification stat

declarative formal language that represents semantic data in texts

meaning-for-meaning translation of a text

Determination of language from a text sample

Practice of translating medical literature

project dealing with the activity of translating

process of translating from a translation, rather than translating from the original language

the language being translated into

translation technique

is a Japanese word meaning "ignore", "take no notice of" or "treat with silent contempt". It is composed of two kanji: (moku "silence") and (satsu "killing"). In 1945, the Japanese government used the word in its initial rejection of the Potsdam Declaration, the Allied demand that Japan surrender unconditionally in World War II. It has been argued that the word was misunderstood by the Allies and that the misunderstanding interrupted a negotiation for a peaceful end to the war. The consensus of modern historians, however, is that the Allies understood the word correctly.

In literature, a pseudotranslation is a text written as if it had been translated from a foreign language.

philosophical concept by W. V. Quine

play written by Brian Friel

native speaker or member of a community who acts as a linguistic reference for a language or speech community being studied

Retranslation refers to the action of "translating a work that has previously been translated into the same language" or to the text itself that was retranslated. Retranslation of classic literature and religious texts is common. Retranslation may happen for many reasons—e.g., to update obsolete language, improve translation quality, account for a revised edition of the source text, or a desire to present a new interpretation or creative response to a text. This is most common in poetry and drama.

translation term

Pre-editing is the process whereby a human prepares a document before applying machine translation. The main goal of pre-editing is to reduce the post-editing workload by adapting the source document to improve the raw output of the machine translation. Pre-editing could be also valuable for human translation projects since it can increase the application of the translation memory.

linguistic project

Esperanto-based machine translation project

Algerian and French physics researcher

A process of investigating patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and its translation.

subtitling programs on TV in the same language as the audio

2017 apostolic letter by Pope Francis

process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings

ISO standard

thumb|404x404px|Example of translingualism Translingual phenomena are words and other aspects of language that are relevant in more than one language. Thus "translingual" may mean "existing in multiple languages" or "having the same meaning in many languages"; and sometimes "containing words of multiple languages" or "operating between different languages". Translingualism is the phenomenon of translingually relevant aspects of language; a translingualism is an instance thereof. The word comes from trans-, meaning "across", and lingual, meaning "having to do with languages (tongues)"; thus, it