File:Aconitum_variegatum_110807f.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Aconitum
Sign in to saveAlso known as wolf's bane, leopard's bane, mousebane, wolfsbane, aconite, monkshood, devil's helmet, blue rocket
Aconitum (), also known as aconite, monkshood, wolfsbane, '''devil's helmet, or blue rocket''', is a genus of over 250 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. These herbaceous, frequently toxic perennial plants are chiefly native to the mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia, growing in the moisture-retentive but well-draining soils of mountain meadows.
OverviewAI-generated
Aconitum is a genus of plants within the family Ranunculaceae. It belongs to the order Ranunculales, class Magnoliopsida, and phylum Tracheophyta in the kingdom Plantae. The scientific name is cited as Aconitum L.
Records for this genus are held by various institutions, including CAS, MICH, IBUNAM, NY, and A. Documented occurrences have been recorded in the United States, South Korea, Mexico, North Korea, and China.
Synthesized by Vinony from 28 facts across 7 sources: Wikidata, GBIF, PubMed, Gbif Occ, Plants of the World, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.
Species
Aconitum
GENUS
- KingdomPlantae
- PhylumTracheophyta
- ClassMagnoliopsida
- OrderRanunculales
- FamilyRanunculaceae
「乌头」重定向至此。關於別名“烏頭”的魚類,詳見「鯔魚」。 品種 參見文章 乌头属又名附子属(学名:Aconitum)是一种属于毛茛科的开花植物的属,这个属有250多个种。又名萴(音同“仄”)。 这些多年生植物主要生活在北半球山地潮湿的草地上。它们的叶子呈深绿色,没有托叶。叶子呈掌状,分五至七瓣。每瓣又分三片,边缘粗糙锋利。叶子在茎上交错或者螺旋排列,下部的叶子有长的柄。 乌头属植物非常美观,在高大直立的主干的顶端有一簇总状花序的蓝色的、紫色的、白色的、黄色的或者粉色的两侧对称的、拥有许多雄蕊的花。其五片花萼中的一片形似一个圆筒状的帽子。每朵花有二至十枚蜜腺状的花瓣。最上面的两个花瓣很大,它们位于帽状的花萼下,有很长的柄。它们的顶端有一个空的针,里面含有花蜜。其它花瓣小或者完全退化了。三至五片心皮在底部融在一起。 果实为蓇葖果。 乌头属的学名Aconitum可能来自小亚细亚的一座山的名字。在希腊神话中传说海格力斯将冥界哈得斯的三頭犬刻耳柏洛斯捕到地面上。这条恶狗的唾液淌到的地方就长出了乌头。 目录 1 普及 2 传粉 3 药用和毒性 4 种类 5 外部連結 普及 乌头属植物是第三纪时的极地植物,随冰川期从西伯利亚传播到欧洲、亚洲和美洲。 传粉 传播花粉的昆虫不易接近乌头属的花蜜,只有有很长的虹吸管的大黄蜂才能获得它的花蜜,因此两者之间互相配合发展,以至于两者的分布地区一致。 药用和毒性 《本草纲目》记载,乌头“辛、温、有大毒”。乌头属毒性非常高,它们也是非常重要的药用植物。其毒性主要来自乌头碱。未受伤的皮肤就已经可以吸收乌头碱。皮肤敏感的人可以通过接触而过敏。在药学中主要使用乌头的根,这里的药性浓度非常高。依照2015年版《中国药典》之规范,未经炮制的生草乌、生川乌“内服宜慎”;炮制后的乌头属药材,如需内服,应先煎、久煎,以减低毒性,每次用量不得超过3克;即便外用,也应控制药量。 由于乌头属的有剧毒,中国政府严禁私人买卖未经炮制的乌头属药材(如草乌、川乌),保健食品中不得添加乌头。然而至今仍经常有擅自烹制乌头药膳或者制作乌头药酒,食用或饮用后导致中毒甚至死亡的案例。 种类 Aconitum ajanense 两色乌头(Aconitum albo-violaceum) Aconitum altaicum 阿尔泰乌头(Aconitum ambiguum) 狭盔乌头(Aconitum angusticassidatum) 铁棒锤(Aconitum anthora) 拟黄花乌头(Aconitum anthoroideum) 空茎乌头(Aconitum apetalum) Aconitum axilliflorum Aconitum baburinii 贝加尔乌头(Aconitum baicalense) 细叶黄乌头(Aconitum barbatum) Aconit
via GBIF · Kew POWO
Museum specimens
- Specimen records
- 1,563
- With media
- 923
- Family
- Ranunculaceae
- Collections
- CAS, MICH, IBUNAM, NY, A, GH
- Recorded in
- United States, South Korea, Mexico, North Korea, China, Netherlands, Russia, Slovenia
Research
2,338 papers- Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology.ReviewJournal of ethnopharmacology · 2025Zhao X, He Y, Chen L et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.120051
- Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine.ReviewJournal of integrative medicine · 2022Wani TA, Kaloo ZA, Dangroo NADOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.12.004
- Aconitum pendulum and Aconitum flavum: A narrative review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, bioactivities and processing methods.ReviewJournal of ethnopharmacology · 2022Li CY, Zhou Z, Xu T et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115216
- Insights on neuropharmacological benefits and risks: Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.ReviewBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2024Liu X, Song X, Zhang K et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117669
- Aconitum Alkaloid Poisoning Because of Contamination of Herbs by Aconite Roots.ReviewPhytotherapy research : PTR · 2016Chan TYDOI: 10.1002/ptr.5495
- Norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum and Delphinium: structural relevance in medicine, toxicology, and metabolism.ReviewNatural product reports · 2022Qasem AMA, Zeng Z, Rowan MG et al.DOI: 10.1039/d1np00029b
- Aconitum in traditional Chinese medicine: a valuable drug or an unpredictable risk?ReviewJournal of ethnopharmacology · 2009Singhuber J, Zhu M, Prinz S et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.031
- Aconitum alkaloid poisoning related to the culinary uses of aconite roots.ReviewToxins · 2014Chan TYDOI: 10.3390/toxins6092605
via PubMed
~23 min read
Encyclopedic overview
23 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Description
- Color range
- Horticultural trade morphology
- Ecology
- Cultivation
- Award-winning hybrids
- Toxicology
- Uses
- Folk medicine
- As a poison
- Taxonomy
- Selected species
- Phylogeny
- In literature and popular culture
- In popular culture
- Early examples
- 20th century and later
- In mysticism
- Gallery
- See also
- References
- External links
Aconitum (), also known as aconite, monkshood, wolfsbane, '''devil's helmet, or blue rocket', is a genus of over 250 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. These herbaceous, frequently toxic perennial plants are chiefly native to the mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia, growing in the moisture-retentive but well-draining soils of mountain meadows.
Most Aconitum species are extremely poisonous and must be handled very carefully. Several Aconitum hybrids, such as the Arendsii form of Aconitum carmichaelii'', have won gardening awards—such as the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Aconitum” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
Gallery (31)
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