Atropa bella-donna

species of toxic flowering plant in the nightshade family

AI overview

Atropa bella-donna is a highly poisonous flowering plant belonging to the nightshade family, native to North Africa, Western Asia, and Europe. It has been historically significant due to its potent toxins, which have been used in both traditional medicine and as a source of dangerous accidental poisonings throughout human history.

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Species

SPECIES

KingdomPlantae
PhylumTracheophyta
ClassMagnoliopsida
OrderSolanales
FamilySolanaceae

二名法 Atropa belladonnaL. 颠茄（学名：Atropa belladonna）是一种茄科草本植物。原产于西欧的多年生草本植物，后来移植到北非、西亚、北美等地，中国也有引进栽培。原产地为山地背阴潮湿地带，在富含石灰质的土壤中群生。初春发芽，全长40-50厘米，最高可达5米。根呈圆柱形，直径5～15毫米，表面浅灰棕色，具纵皱纹；老根木质，细根易折断，断面平坦，皮部狭，灰白色，木部宽广，棕黄色，形成层环纹明显，髓部中空。茎扁圆柱形，直径3-6毫米，表面黄绿色，有细纵皱纹及疏稀的细点状皮孔，中空，幼茎有毛。叶多皱缩破碎，完整叶片卵状椭圆形，黄绿至深绿色。花期可持续到夏季，开深紫色花朵，花萼5裂，花冠钟形。之后可结1厘米左右大小的绿色球形果实，成熟后为黑色，具长梗，种子多数。果实据说味道甘甜，但是含有剧毒，绝对不可食用。西文名称belladonna源于意大利语的bella donna，意为“漂亮女人”，因为古代曾提取果实成分制作女性散瞳的眼药水。栽培时需要注意的事，抵抗日光的能力非常弱，必须遮挡阳光；容易遭Longitarsus waterhousei食用，需要定期喷洒农药防虫害；另外由于存在抑芽物质，种子发芽率不是很高。植株葉花果实種子毒性和药用全株有毒，特别是根部和根茎毒性最强。叶片表面会出油状液体，接触皮肤会引起过敏，严重导致溃疡。主要成份茛菪碱（Hyoscyamine,C17H23NO3），会引起呕吐、腹泻等症状，类似阿托品中毒。虽然猫狗食用之后会有中毒症状，但对于大多数的动物，如兔子、鸟类、鹿等食用颠茄都不会中毒。有记录表明，人食用了吃过颠茄的动物后中毒致死。但是，在遵守用法用量的情况下可以入药。在开花至结果期内采收，除去粗茎及泥沙，切段干燥可入药。制剂有（1）颠茄酊（2）颠茄流浸膏（3）颠茄浸膏等。药理作用与阿托品相同，但较弱。主要用于胃痉挛，胃、十二指肠溃疡病，胆绞痛，输尿管结石等引起的腹痛，胃炎及胃痉挛引起的呕吐和腹泻，迷走神经兴奋导致的多汗、流涎、心率慢、头晕、晕服等。由于有一定毒性，可出现口干、皮肤潮红、干燥、呼吸道分泌物减少、痰粘、腹胀、便秘等不良反应。用量大时可引起心悸、视力模糊、头晕等，中毒量可引起神志不清、谵妄、躁动、幻觉等症状。参见阿托品茄科曼陀罗外部链接维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：颠茄（英文） botanical.com （英文） Belladonna in flying ointments （英文） Erowid - Belladonna Information（on recreational uses）（英文） Compounds in deadly nightshade. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Pr

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Research

1 papers

Article

Atropa bella-donna, commonly known as deadly nightshade or belladonna, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes and eggplant. It is native to Europe and Western Asia, including Turkey, its distribution extending from England in the west to western Ukraine and the Iranian province of Gilan in the east. It is also naturalised or introduced in some parts of Canada, North Africa and the United States.

The foliage and berries are extremely toxic when ingested, containing tropane alkaloids. It can also be harmful to handle and/or touch these plants. These toxins include atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, which cause delirium and hallucinations, and are also used as pharmaceutical anticholinergics. Tropane alkaloids are of common occurrence not only in the Old World tribes Hyoscyameae (to which the genus Atropa belongs) and Mandragoreae, but also in the New World tribe Datureae—all of which belong to the subfamily Solanoideae of the plant family Solanaceae.