Ashur-uballit II

Aššur-uballiṭ II, also spelled Assur-uballit II and Ashuruballit II (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒀸𒋩𒌑𒋾𒆷, romanized: Aššur-uballiṭ, meaning "Ashur has kept alive"), was the final ruler of Assyria, ruling from his predecessor Sîn-šar-iškun's death at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC to his own defeat at Harran in 609 BC and failure to retake the city in 608 BC. He was possibly the son of Sîn-šar-iškun and likely the same person as a crown prince mentioned in inscriptions at the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 626 and 623 BC.

Over the course of Sîn-šar-iškun's reign, the Neo-Assyrian Empire had been irreversibly weakened by war between rival claimants to the throne. A revolt in 626–620 BC in Babylonia had seen the loss of the empire's southern provinces which would go on to form the Neo-Babylonian Empire, war against its king Nabopolassar and the Medes and attacks on its northern territories by Scythians proved disastrous for Assyria; leading to sacks and destructions of the important cities of Assur, Kalhu, Arbela, Arrapha and Nineveh between 614 BC and 612 BC.