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Encyclopedic overview
In algebra, a binomial is a polynomial that is the sum of two terms, each of which is a monomial. It is the simplest kind of a sparse polynomial after the monomials.
A toric ideal is an ideal that is generated by binomials that are difference of monomials; that is, binomials whose two coefficients are 1 and −1. A toric variety is an algebraic variety defined by a toric ideal.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “binomial” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.