Calvarius (meaning "suffering") is an extinct genus of styracosternan ornithopod from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian age) Talarn Formation of Spain. The genus contains a single species, Calvarius rapidus, known from a single . The slender morphology of this bone may indicate Calvarius had a cursorial (adapted to run) ecology, in contrast to its slower-moving relatives.
Calvarius (meaning "suffering") is an extinct genus of styracosternan ornithopod from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian age) Talarn Formation of Spain. The genus contains a single species, Calvarius rapidus, known from a single . The slender morphology of this bone may indicate Calvarius had a cursorial (adapted to run) ecology, in contrast to its slower-moving relatives.
== Discovery and naming == The holotype specimen, MCD-8734, is a single fourth discovered in 2019 in layers of the Talarn Formation ('Pallars Jussà' locality, Tremp Group) in Catalonia, Spain. In 2023, Albert Prieto-Márquez and Albert Sellés described Calvarius rapidus as a new genus of styracosternan dinosaurs based on this specimen. The genus name, "Calvarius", refers to the type locality, Serrat del Calvari. It is further derived from the Catalan calvari, meaning "suffering", referencing proximity of the genus to the K-Pg extinction event. The specific name, "rapidus", is a Latin word meaning "fast", referring to the likely cursorial habits inferred by the slender metatarsal anatomy.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).