
SPECIES
白色念珠菌(學名:Candida albicans)是一種能造成伺機性感染的酵母菌,常見於人類消化道與泌尿生殖道的菌群,約有四成至六成健康成人的口腔與消化道中都有白色念珠菌,平時與人體行片利共生,但可在人體免疫缺陷(如感染愛滋病)等特殊情況下過度生長而造成念珠菌症,是念珠菌屬最常致病的菌種,與熱帶念珠菌(英语:Candida tropicalis)、副口炎念珠菌(英语:Candida parapsilosis)、光滑念珠菌(英语:Candida glabrata)合計造成了50%-90%的念珠菌症感染。白色念珠菌也是最常在醫療器材或人體組織的生物薄膜中發現的真菌種類,這種真菌造成的系統性感染致死率高達40%。据一个估计,在医院感染到的侵袭性念珠菌病在美国每年造成2,800至11,200人死亡。 在生物學研究中,白色念珠菌常被當作模式生物,容易在實驗室中培養,並可以改變培養基成分的方式控制其生長型態,而用來進行不同主題的研究。白色念珠菌屬於雙態性真菌,可以酵母型或菌絲型兩種方式生長,除此之外還有許多種不同的形態表型。長久以來,白色念珠菌被認為生活史中只存在雙倍體,而沒有單倍體,但後來單倍體與四倍體皆被發現,其雙倍體的基因組長度為29Mb。
via GBIF
via PubMed
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora. It can also survive outside the human body. It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40–60% of healthy adults. It is usually a commensal organism, but it can become pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals under a variety of conditions. It is one of the few species of the genus Candida that cause the human infection candidiasis, which results from an overgrowth of the fungus. Candidiasis is, for example, often observed in HIV-infected patients. C. albicans is the most common fungal species isolated from biofilms either formed on (permanent) implanted medical devices or on human tissue. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata are together responsible for 50–90% of all cases of candidiasis in humans. A mortality rate of 40% has been reported for patients with systemic candidiasis due to C. albicans. By one estimate, invasive candidiasis contracted in a hospital causes 2,800 to 11,200 deaths yearly in the US.
C. albicans is commonly used as a model organism for fungal pathogens. It is generally referred to as a dimorphic fungus since it grows both as yeast and filamentous cells. However, it has several different morphological phenotypes including opaque, GUT, and pseudohyphal forms. C. albicans was for a long time considered an obligate diploid organism without a haploid stage. This is, however, not the case. Next to a haploid stage C. albicans can also exist in a tetraploid stage. The latter is formed when diploid C. albicans cells mate when they are in the opaque form. The diploid genome size is approximately 29 Mb, and up to 70% of the protein coding genes have not yet been characterized. C. albicans is easily cultured in the lab and can be studied both in vivo and in vitro. Depending on the media different studies can be done as the media influences the morphological state of C. albicans. A special type of medium is CHROMagar Candida, which can be used to identify different Candida species.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).