電容

Also known as electrostatic capacity, electric capacitance

Capacitance is the ability of an object to store electric charge. It is measured by the change in charge in response to a difference in electric potential, expressed as the ratio of those quantities. Commonly recognized are two closely related notions of capacitance: self capacitance and mutual capacitance. An object that can be electrically charged exhibits self capacitance, for which the electric potential is measured between the object and ground. Mutual capacitance is measured between two components, and is particularly important in the operation of the capacitor, an elementary linear elec

AI overview

Capacitance is the ability of an object or pair of objects to store electric charge, measured by how much charge builds up when an electrical voltage is applied. It matters because it's a fundamental property that explains how capacitors—common components in electronics—work and how electrical systems store and manage energy.

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Key facts

Physical quantity.unit: farad
Physical quantity.otherunits: μF, nF, pF
Physical quantity.baseunits: F = A2 s4 kg−1 m−2
Physical quantity.dimension: wikidata
Physical quantity.derivations: C = charge / voltage

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Research

34,015 papers

Understanding the Electric Double-Layer Structure, Capacitance, and Charging Dynamics.ReviewChemical reviews · 2022Wu JDOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00097
Parasitic Capacitance-Free Flexible Tactile Sensor with a Real-Contact Trigger.Soft robotics · 2022Kim S, Jung Y, Oh S et al.DOI: 10.1089/soro.2020.0051
High-capacitance air-brushed electrodes for capacitive label-free bioassays.Talanta · 2025Boonkaew S, Linfield S, Ferapontova EEDOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128118
Observing Mesoscopic Nucleic Acid Capacitance Effect and Mismatch Impact via Graphene Transistors.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Zhang M, Li Z, Jia Y et al.DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105890
Parasitic Capacitance in High-Density Neural Electrode Arrays: Sources and Evaluation Methods.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025Ghazavi A, Troyk PR, Cogan SFDOI: 10.1109/TBME.2024.3472708
Capacitance-Driven Modulation of Cardiac Impulse Conduction by an Intramembrane Molecular Photoswitch.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Florindi C, Ostini A, Bertarelli C et al.DOI: 10.3390/ijms262411766
Dynamical nonlinear memory capacitance in biomimetic membranes.Nature communications · 2019Najem JS, Hasan MS, Williams RS et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11223-8
Interfacial capacitance immunosensing using interdigitated electrodes: the effect of insulation/immobilization chemistry.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2019Castiello FR, Porter J, Modarres P et al.DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02129a

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Article · 中文

在電路學裡，給定電壓，電容器儲存電荷的能力，稱為電容（capacitance），標記為C。採用國際單位制，電容的單位是法拉（farad），標記為F。平行板電容器是一種簡單的電容器，是由互相平行、以空間或介電質隔離的兩片薄板導體構成。假設這兩片導板分別載有負電荷與正電荷，所載有的電荷量分別為、，兩片導板之間的電位差為，則這電容器的電容為。由上式知1法拉(Farad)等於1庫侖(Coulomb)每伏特(Voltage)。在正常狀況下1法拉的電容多加1伏特的電位差可以多儲存1庫侖的電荷。電容器所儲存的能量等於充電所做的功。思考前述平行板電容器，搬移微小電荷元素從帶負電薄板到帶正電薄板，每對抗1伏特的電位差，需要做功：。將這方程式積分，可以得到儲存於電容器的能量。從尚未充電的電容器（）開始，搬移電荷從帶負電薄板到帶正電薄板，直到這兩片薄板分別擁有電荷量、，所需要做的功為；其中，是儲存的能量。

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